Samara State University (Russian: Самарский государственный университет) was a classical multi-faculty university and a leading educational institution of higher education in Samara Oblast, Russia. It consists of faculties of Mathematics and Mechanics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Philology, History, Sociology, Economy and Management, Psychology, and Law. It is considered to be the most prestigious graduate school in Samara and the area, especially with its highly competitive and demanding programmes in the English Language, Law, Sociology and Political Science, International Relations, Psychology. SSU is also marked for its postgraduate research in the Sciences and the Humanities.SSU had its own newspaper, a regularly printed academic journal, as well as journals for students publications. SSU is a centre of teaching and research in Samara Region with a strong reputation nationally and globally. SSU is one of the few Russian universities that issues the European Diploma Supplement to the State Diploma of Higher Education, which confirms educational standards according to international standards (ECTS). In 2015 it was merged with other institutions to form the Samara National Research University.The English language is taught here by high-qualified lecturers in several departments.In 2014 Samara State University celebrated the 95th anniversary since its foundation and the 45th anniversary since its revival. Samara State University is a large scientific, educational and cultural centre of the Volga region with a constantly developing infrastructure. The university being of the classical type preserves the highest educational standards and education quality. The university has one regional branch in Togliatti. At present Samara State University comprises 10 basic faculties: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mechanics and Mathematics, History, Philology, Sociology, Psychology, Law, Economics and Management..
Қурилиш фирмаларини самарали бошқариш жараёнида молиявий ресурслардан оқилона фойдаланиш, пул оқимларини назорат қилиш, режалаштириш технологияларини жорий этиш ҳамда рағбатлантириш механизмларини қўллаш бугунги шароитда муҳим аҳамиятга эга. Бунда ягона ахборот майдони асосида ташкил этилган бошқарув тизими қурилиш фирмаларининг ривожланиш стратегиясини шакллантиришда муҳим омил бўлиб хизмат қилади.
The use of natural stone in cladding increases the durability of buildings and structures. Rocks are a beautiful and environmentally friendly building material. Samara embankment, one of the most picturesque and long on the river. The Volga is a kind of open-air museum where you can study the variety of uses of natural stone. The article shows the features of the use of rocks as facing material on the example of the Samara embankment. The main types and origins of the rocks used to create the monuments and cladding of the town’s structures on the existing four quayside queues are described.
Determining the attitude of the population towards punishment is essential for the generation of criminal laws, the application of sentences and the evaluation of the population's acceptance of their imposition. The aim is to adapt the scale of de Keijser et al. to the Spanish population. We collected data from 1220 participants. We conducted an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis. A slightly shortened version of the attitudes towards the penal system scale was developed, retaining the same factor structure. This version was labeled the PENAS scale in a Spanish population (PENAS-SP). Its factors are similar to those in the original scale, although the number of items was reduced, as the new scale consists of 24 items. The six factors are "Deterrence," which involves general prevention; "Desert," referring to the deserved suffering and "mistreatment" directed towards offenders; "Incapacitation," equivalent to the concept of severity of punishment proportional to the crime committed; "Moral Balance," which refers to punishment as a moral restitution of the offender to society; "Rehabilitation," and "Restorative Justice" (encompassing mediation and negotiation between offender and victim). This scale is intended for use in studies with Spanish-speaking samples.
The relevance of the study stems from the introduction into the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030 of a new instrument of regional policy-support settlements, formally intended to become growth points for balancing spatial development. The aim of the work is to identify systemic contradictions in the concept of support settlements as presented in the Strategy and to substantiate necessary adjustments aimed at reorienting this institution from a compensatory to an economically stimulating model of functioning. The scholarly novelty lies in the comprehensive identification and structuring of four key institutional contradictions: between goal-setting and unified instrumentation; in the logic of selecting settlements based on the criterion of "problematic nature" rather than potential; between the functions assigned and available resources; between long-term development goals and the short-term nature of budget planning. The methodological basis of the study comprised systemic and content analysis of the text of the Strategy and related documents, as well as conducting a series of semi-formalized expert interviews with representatives of local self-government bodies from twelve constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The main results indicate that the current implementation of the support settlement institution tends toward the logic of fiscal equalization, and the empirical data obtained confirm the skepticism of municipalities and their demand for economic incentives. A stimulating model has been developed, proposing specific institutional solutions for transitioning to a paradigm of self-development, the key elements of which are a functional typology of settlements, the introduction of special economic regimes, a clear delineation of powers, and a shift to long-term program-based financing. A limitation of the study is its focus on qualitative analysis of the perception of the problem, which determines the need for further quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of pilot projects implemented within the framework of the proposed paradigm.
Using the example of the small business sector, the paper analyzes the specifics of an emerging system for managing the spatial development of the economy in one of the regions of the Russian Federation. This aspect is currently regulated by a whole range of documents at the federal and regional levels, and its features include fragmentation, both vertically and horizontally. Currently, only separate blocks of spatial management processes are identified, which are partially interconnected. The described tasks are regulated by various documents: laws of constituent entities of the Federation, target programs, strategies and concepts for spatial or agglomeration development. The federal level has the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with a forecast up to 2036, which takes into account negative reviews of the previous document. The regional level has no unified approach to the development and implementation of spatial development documents as well. In order to substantiate the possibilities for improving strategic management in the spatial development of regions, we solved the following tasks: updating the approach to the consideration of the regional economic space; substantiating individual structural elements of the regional economic space-agglomerations and subregions-as objects of management; substantiating the possibilities of a strategic approach to managing the spatial development of the region's economy; analyzing best practices of sub-regional management in the regions; and substantiating practical recommendations to authorities on improving the regional management system at the sub-regional level.
