This research was to exhibit the pollution characteristic of surface sediments taken from the Golden Horn (Halic) estuary in terms of thirty-five chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (CI-POPs), to reveal the potential risks to ecological and human health. The concentrations of total organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the sediments along the estuary varied from 14.4 (site AA) to 24.3 ng/g d.w. (site GK), with a mean concentration of 19.4 ± 2.85 ng/g d.w. With a few exceptions, p,p-DDD (2.05–4.38 ng/g), p,p-DDE (1.40–4.89 ng/g d.w), Alpha-HCH (1.92–2.71 ng/g d.w), and p,p-DDT (1.55–2.34 ng/g d.w) are the predominant OCPs. The presences of Dicofol, Mirex, Cis chlordane, Cis nonachlor, Oxychlordane, Trans chlordane, and Trans nonachlor were not found in any of the samples. Alpha-HCH (2.42 ng/g) is the most abundant in the samples with 56.7
In current study, Echinops plant extract was examined as a green inhibitor in 1 M sulfuric acid on SS316 stainless steel. Regarding the total phenolic and flavonoid composition determined by LC-MS analysis, succinic acid (279.88 mg/L) and rosmarinic acid (103.53 mg/L) were found to be the extract’s two main constituents of extract. In addition, at a concentration of 200 ppm of inhibitor, the anti-corrosion ability of Echinops plant extract on SS316 stainless steel exhibited a maximum inhibition efficiency of 85.86 Δ G_ads^0 value (− 28.06 kJ/mol) confirmed a spontaneous mixed chemical and physical adsorption of Echinops extract compounds on the metal surface.
The power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) technologies strongly depends on incoming light spectrum and intensity. This study comparatively evaluated organic photovoltaics (OPV), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), perovskite solar cells (PSC), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells under four representative light sources, i.e. AM 1.5 spectrum, CIE Illuminant A, white LED and fluorescent lighting (FL), over a wide range of indoor illumination levels. In addition to electrical characterization, the optical properties of the light sources were analysed and the device spectral response was assessed. The results indicate that PV behaviour is strongly governed by the spectral distribution of the light source and the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of each device. PSC exhibits the highest overall performance due to its broad visible absorption and efficient charge transport. OPV maintains nearly constant fill factor and delivers relatively uniform efficiencies under all four spectra, highlighting their robustness under low-light conditions. DSSC shows excellent spectral compatibility with FL, leading to stable operation at moderate and high illumination levels. The a-Si device demonstrates moderate yet stable performance across all spectra, indicating balanced spectral tolerance. In contrast, c-Si displays pronounced spectral sensitivity, performing well under AM 1.5 and CIE Illuminant A but showing significant efficiency losses under LED and FL due to spectral mismatch at low photon flux. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of PV technologies under diverse illumination conditions and highlights the importance of combined optical and electrical characterization for reliable indoor PV performance evaluation.
The global shift towards renewable and sustainable energy has accelerated in recent years due to the depletion of fossil fuels and their detrimental effects on the environment. Despite their environmental advantages, renewable energy technologies often require substantial investment, and the optimal siting of energy conversion facilities remains a critical challenge, particularly in ensuring cost-efficiency and environmental compatibility. Biomass-based electricity production is a key contributor to sustainable energy transitions. This study develops a reliable decision-support framework for determining suitable locations for biomass power plants. Initially, an extensive literature review was conducted to identify and classify the evaluation criteria. Expert opinions from 21 professionals were then collected, and their judgments were tested for reliability using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and statistical significance levels. The results confirmed a high degree of agreement among experts, providing robust weights for the criteria. These weights were subsequently applied in the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods to evaluate location alternatives. A comparison of the two approaches revealed strong consistency and methodological reliability. The findings demonstrate that integrating expert judgment validation with multi-criteria decision-making techniques provides a transparent and evidence-based tool for policy-makers in planning sustainable biomass energy investments.
In this article, we characterize all trees whose highest non-vanishing squarefree power of the closed neighborhood ideal is componentwise linear. In addition, we investigate the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the $ν$-th squarefree power of the closed neighborhood ideal of trees and show that this number can be arbitrarily larger than the degree of the ideal. Finally, we give a formula for the regularity of $ν$-th squarefree power of the closed neighborhood ideal of caterpillar graphs.
