Seijoh University (星城大学, Seijō daigaku) is a private university in Tōkai, Aichi, Japan. The university opened in April 2002 but the predecessor of the school, Ishida Education Group, was founded in 1941..
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative or preoperative comprehensive interventions including exercise and exercise-only interventions on postoperative ileus (POI) incidence and the recovery of intestinal function in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Electronic searches were conducted in 6 databases. Cohort and randomized-controlled trial (RCT) studies investigating the effects of postoperative or preoperative comprehensive interventions including exercise or exercise-only interventions on POI and the recovery of intestinal function in patients with CRC were included. Thirty-eight studies involving 13,124 patients were included. Postoperative comprehensive interventions including exercise significantly shortened the time to first flatus (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.38, 95
Workplace-Based Assessment (WBA) plays an important role in health professions education by supporting judgments of learner’s performance while providing opportunities for feedback and learning
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Decreased appetite in older adults is associated with physical activity. Prior research findings have been inconsistent or limited due to methodological differences. Many studies did not adequately control for psychological or social confounders on appetite. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationships among appetite, physical activity, psychological factors, and social factors in community-dwelling older adults. We investigated how physical activity intensity and time of day could be associated with appetite. METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 100 community-dwelling older adults. Appetite was assessed using the Japanese version of the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire. Physical activity was evaluated using an accelerometer. Physical activity intensity was classified into sedentary behavior, light-intensity activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity. Multiple regression analysis was performed with Japanese version of the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire as the dependent variable, whereas physical activity, depression (Geriatric Depression Scale-15), and social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale-6) were the independent variables. RESULTS:The mean Japanese version of the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire score in all participants was 15.2. Physical activity and social isolation were not associated with appetite, whereas higher levels of depression were significantly associated with lower appetite. CONCLUSIONS:No association was observed between objectively measured physical activity and appetite among community-dwelling older adults. Appetite was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of addressing psychological factors, such as depression, for maintaining or improving appetite in older adults. Significance/Implications: Interventions targeting psychological factors might be important for maintaining and improving appetite in older adults.
OBJECTIVES:It remains unclear which indicators most accurately reflect functional status. Phase angle (PhA), extracellular water/total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), and echo intensity (EI) capture distinct physiological characteristics and may differ in their association with physical performance in older adults. We compared the associations of these indices with physical performance in community-dwelling older women. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES:In this cross-sectional study, 109 community-dwelling women aged ≥65 y (mean age: 77.9 y, standard deviation: 5.6 y) were assessed. PhA and ECW/TBW were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and the EI of the rectus femoris was obtained using B-mode ultrasonography. Physical performance outcomes included handgrip strength, usual gait speed, and chair stand time. We performed hierarchical multiple regression models, including three indices, additional adjustments for age and body mass index, and further adjustments for skeletal muscle mass index as a sensitivity model. RESULTS:ECW/TBW showed an inverse association with handgrip strength in the sensitivity model, additionally adjusted for skeletal muscle mass index (β = -0.324, P = 0.016). It was significantly associated with five-times chair stand time in all models (β = 0.541, P < 0.001). Usual gait speed was not associated with any muscle quality index. CONCLUSIONS:Among the evaluated indices, ECW/TBW showed the most consistent association with physical function in older women. PhA and EI showed limited independent associations. ECW/TBW may be a practical marker for characterizing muscle quality in relation to physical performance in community settings.
While some studies have investigated the effectiveness of exercise interventions during adjuvant chemotherapy in cancer patients, the findings are inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the effectiveness of exercise interventions specifically in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) during adjuvant chemotherapy. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using 6 electronic databases. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, single-arm intervention studies, and retrospective cohort studies that implemented structured exercise interventions. Exercise capacity, lower and upper extremity muscle strength, fatigue, pain, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, anxiety, depression, and quality of life were defined as outcomes. A meta-analysis was performed to quantify the effectiveness of exercise interventions during adjuvant chemotherapy on each outcome. Additionally, the feasibility of the exercise interventions was investigated. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria for the present systematic review. In the RCTs, exercise interventions during adjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduced fatigue (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.53 [95
