Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU) (Urdu: جامعہ شہید بینظیر بھٹو) is a public university, established in 2009 with a presidential order. It is located at Sheringal in the Upper Dir District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The university was established by upgrading the sub-campus having forestry department and phytochemistry laboratories of the university of Malakand. Ms Shazia Khushdil, Mr. Khansher, Ms, Shazia Ahmad and Mr Naveed Anjum were the pioneers of sub campus and the only forestry department was there along with UPS and college and a project on medicinal plant. Ms Shazia Khushdil and Ms Shazia Ahmad are the first women in the history of Dir upper who started university education at Dir upper. They really made the history as the place where women couldn't walk out without their males, they served there efficiently. This is because of them that Later in 2009, it became shaheed benazir bhatto university sheringal Dir upper. Mr. Badshah Hussain was the first registrar and Dr Jahandar shah was its first vice Chancellor.The university provides degrees in various subjects including computer science, pharmacy, geology, forestry, chemistry, biotechnology..
Insect-derived oils have emerged as sustainable feed additives in poultry nutrition; however, the effects of superworm oil (SWO) on broiler performance and meat quality remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of dietary SWO supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical profile, nutrient digestibility, and meat fatty acid composition of broiler chickens over a 35-day feeding period using a completely randomized design. A total of 320 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and transported in ventilated boxes under warm conditions using stress-minimizing handling procedures. Upon arrival, chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, each with four replicates of 20 birds. The control group received a commercial concentrate (crude protein: 228 g kg⁻¹; metabolizable energy: 11.63 MJ kg⁻¹) as the basal diet, formulated according to NRC recommendations and designed to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The remaining three groups received the same basal diet supplemented with SWO at 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 mL kg⁻¹ of diet. Overall, body weight gain was higher in the SWO-4 group (1920 g) than in the control group (1862 g), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.50) was observed in the SWO-4 group. Moreover, serum concentrations of albumin (2.12 vs. 1.32 g dL⁻¹), globulin (3.12 vs. 2.33 g dL⁻¹), and high-density lipoprotein (59.1 vs. 42.2 mg dL⁻¹) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed the highest level of SWO. Protein digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy were also improved (p < 0.05) in the SWO-4 group. Dietary SWO supplementation reduced the concentrations of saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C17:0, and C18:0) in breast meat, while omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18:3n-3 and C22:6n-3) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Total polyunsaturated fatty acid content was enhanced, and the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio was reduced in the supplemented groups compared with the control. Overall, dietary supplementation of SWO, particularly at 4.5 mL kg⁻¹, positively influenced growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, nutrient digestibility, and meat fatty acid composition in broiler chickens.
Large Language Models (LLMs) hold transformative potential for healthcare, offering capabilities, such as automated diagnosis, clinical documentation, and patient education. However, their integration into medical practice remains challenging due to critical limitations, including error propensity, bias, and privacy risks. This review provides the first systematic analysis of LLMs across diverse medical applications from electronic health record management to drug discovery while highlighting unresolved barriers to real-world adoption. We evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art models such as GPT-4, Med-PaLM2, and Bio BERT in clinical tasks, revealing disparities in accuracy, 22
BACKGROUND:This study aims to enhance the recovery of chia phenolic using a green ultrasound extraction (UA) with different individual and mixed-enzymes models followed by a simultaneous determination of the phenolic [chlorogenic acid (cGA), rosmarinic acid (RA), ferulic acid (FA), quercetin (QT), kaempferol (KF)] using an in-house developed UPLC-DAD method across eleven different geographical origins. METHODOLOGY:Green solvents of acetone (ACT), ethanol (EtOH), and water (H2O) were used for UA of chia phenolic whereas, UPLC-DAD method was validated for simultaneous determination of phenolic. The enzymes of protease, cellulase, viscozyme, and α-amylase (1-5%) were applied to enhance the phenolic recovery. RESULTS:The optimal solvent (UA-MD) with highest phenolic recovery (168.41 ppm) was ACT: H2O (70: 30 v/v) whereas, UA-MV revealed the order for phenolic yield: US > KSA > Ecuador. The pretreatment with enzymes resulted more yield for RA, cGA, and FA using viscozyme and α-amylase whereas, protease enzyme favored QT and KF. The mixed enzymes model showed synergistic effects for protease-amylase and cellulase-viscozyme systems. The UPLC-DAD method exhibited a separation in 8 min with excellent sensitivity LOD (0.02-0.14 ppm). CONCLUSION:An effective green UA-based enzymes assisted model was developed with an enhanced release for chia phenolic.
Several health issues have been linked to the release of Congo red dye into water resources from textile industries. In this regard, the present study investigated the removal of the Congo red dye from water using green-synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs). These NPs were synthesized through a novel green approach, by using CeCl3 salt and leaf extract from Toxicodendron radicans. The successful synthesis of cerium oxide CeO2 NPs was confirmed by morphological characterization. Under optimal conditions of pH 2, 0.25 g of adsorbent, 40 ppm of initial dye concentration, 313 K temperature, and 120 min of contact time, the CeO2 NPs demonstrated impressive performance, eliminating 91% of the Congo red dye. The adsorption mechanism aligned with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting dye attachment to the adsorbent surface. The experimental findings showed a strong correlation with various isotherm models, including non-linear Dubinin and Langmuir forms, as well as both linear and non-linear Temkin and Freundlich forms. Mechanism of adsorption was found to be chemisorption with maximum adsorption efficiency (qmax) of 120.8 mg g-1. Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations revealed that the adsorption process was both chemical in nature and occurred spontaneously, with chemisorption identified as the limiting factor in the reaction rate. Elovich kinetic model shows an initial adsorption rate of 17 mg g-1 min-1, which confirms favourable adsorption with chemisorption mode. Based on these results, it is concluded that the green-synthesized CeO2 NPs are an effective amendment for the maximum removal of Congo red dye from contaminated water.
Background Pasteurella multocida, a primary bacterial pathogen responsible for bovine respiratory diseases, has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, and is also an important zoonotic pathogen. Previous studies have demonstrated that Fis protein plays a critical role in bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance formation. In resistant strains, Fis expression is upregulated and deletion of this gene significantly delays the development of fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, Fis represents a potential target protein of antibiotic resistance inhibitors. Results Through meticulous molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies, we have identified that cepharanthine as a potential inhibitor of Fis. The combination of cepharanthine and enrofloxacin successfully inhibits the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pasteurella multocida, with the fractional inhibitory concentration index indicating synergistic antimicrobial effect. Based on energy metabolism measurements and transcriptome sequencing analyses, we consider cepharanthine as a potential Fis inhibitor that may play a role in multiple biological processes of Pasteurella multocida regulated by Fis protein, resulting in a synergistic antibacterial response. Conclusions Cepharanthine is a potent Fis inhibitor and its combination with enrofloxacin presents a highly promising therapeutic approach for combatting Pasteurella multocida infections.
