The University of Peshawar (Pashto: د پېښور پوهنتون; Hindko: پشور یونیورسٹی; Urdu: جامعۂ پشاور; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The university is one of the oldest universities in the province, and is ranked as one of the highest rated universities in the country.The university was founded in 1950 and offers programs for undergraduate, post-graduate, and doctoral studies. With approximately 14,000 enrolled students attending the university, it has six academic faculties with forty postgraduate department as well as two "centers of excellence" The university is known for its research in social, medical, and natural sciences having eight research centers located inside the campus. Spread over an area of 1,045 acres (4 km2) as a residential campus, the university is the first public university to be established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The study aim is to examine that how climate change induces water bankruptcy reshape agrarian communities’ resilience in a local sense at a global level. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was employed. The study was selected 387 respondents (smallholder farmers) based on multi-stage sampling technique. Primary data were collected through a structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistical methods (binary logistic regression to estimate the Odds Ratios (OR), 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) and P-values. The study result indicates that in northwestern Pakistan (Lower Dir) agrarian communities face climate change induce water bankruptcy. Farmers have a clear understanding that local water resources can no longer meet to irrigate their agriculture. Statistically water shortages were the most significant predictors of climate change that affects smallholder farmer’s agriculture with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 8.72 in the less adjusted model and 4.62 in the most adjusted model. Although farmers are using local resilience strategies such as diversifying crops, but it’s also do not adequately overcome chronic water shortages. Study also suggested that community-based approaches to managing water resources and implementing climate-smart agriculture policies will help alleviate both climate change and water bankruptcy.
A protic ionic liquid, N, N-diethylammonium trifluoroacetate ([DEA-H](+)[TFA](-)), was synthesized via a solvent-free proton-transfer reaction between diethylamine and trifluoroacetic acid and investigated as a potential electrolyte for hydrogen production and energy storage. Structural formation was confirmed by H-1 NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Karl-Fischer analysis indicated a low water content of 0.99 %, while thermogravimetric analysis showed thermal stability up to similar to 250 degrees C. Hygroscopicity studies revealed strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between absorbed water and the [TFA](-) anion, with water uptake following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Increasing water content significantly affected the physicochemical properties, resulting in increased density and ionic conductivity and reduced viscosity. The ionic liquid exhibited a wide electrochemical stability window of 3.4 V, which decreased with increasing water content. Hydrogen evolution proceeds through two proton-conduction pathways involving hydronium ions and the [DEA-H](+) cation. Water addition enhanced proton mobility and HER activity, with a 50 % water-PCIL mixture showing lower overpotential compared to mixtures containing 10 % and 0.99 % water. These results highlight the potential of water-[DEA-H](+)[TFA](-) systems as efficient electrolytes for hydrogen evolution and electrochemical energy applications.
Carbon dots/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite nanofibers (CDs/PMMA-CNFs) were fabricated via electrospinning for ultraviolet (UV) photoconductive sensing applications. Carbon dots were synthesized through a microwave-assisted method using citric acid and urea precursors and subsequently embedded within a PMMA nanofibrous matrix. Structural and morphological characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses, confirming successful incorporation of CDs into uniform nanofibers. Optical investigations using UV–Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed characteristic π–π* and n–π* transitions and excitation-independent emission centered near 495 nm. The fabricated composite exhibited measurable photoconductive response under UV illumination ( 395 nm), with current increasing from 4.48 × 10−8 A (dark) to 4.83 × 10−8 A (UV), corresponding to approximately 7.8
Herein, a novel NiWO4/ZnFe2O4 (NW/ZF) S-scheme heterojunction was fabricated via a precipitation–thermal treatment route and investigated for solar-light-driven photocatalysis, antibacterial performance and hydrogen evaluation. Structural analysis (XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX) of NW/ZF confirmed the formation of a well-defined heterointerface, while UV–Vis DRS and PL studies revealed a narrowed band gap (3.07 eV) and reduced charge-carrier recombination compared to pristine ZnFe2O4 (3.19 eV) and NiWO4 (3.30 eV). The band edge positions (ECB = − 0.23 eV for ZF; EVB = 3.43 eV for NW validated the S-scheme configuration, enabling strong redox potentials for radical generation. Under solar irradiation, the NW20/ZF exhibited 99
Herein, we report Zn@Fe3O4 nano-composite hydrogels (n-CHs), in which uniformly dispersed nanoparticles (NPs) within a p(AAm-co-LMA)/IGEPAL (R) CA-630 network reinforce the polymer structure and promote rapid ion transport. The optimized ZnF1.00% n-CH delivers an areal capacitance (Careal) of 954 mF cm-2 at 2.25 mA cm-2, retaining similar to 92% of its capacitance after 10 000 charge-discharge cycles, with an average Coulombic efficiency (CE, eta) of similar to 99.24%, along with an energy density (Ef) of 35.5 & micro; W h cm-2 and power density (Pf) of 281.3 & micro; W cm-2. To validate its practical applicability, a flexible soft-pack supercapacitor (SC) was assembled, which exhibits an areal capacitance of 525.4 mF cm-2, an energy density of 146 & micro; W h cm-2, and a power density of 2625 & micro; W cm-2 at a high current density (Iareal, f) of 4.50 mA cm-2, demonstrating high performance in deformable, large-area configurations. Additionally, the hydrogel functions as a sensitive strain sensor, with a gauge factor (GF) of 5.12 at 700% strain and a reproducible response under repeated deformation. By bridging high-performance energy storage with sensitive, stretchable sensing, Zn@Fe3O4-reinforced hydrogels provide a foundation for resilient, multifunctional soft devices.
