Mild steel suffers severe pitting corrosion in chloride-rich environments such as seawater, posing critical challenges for marine cooling and oilfield injection systems. This study presents the first integrated experimental-computational investigation of Hyssopus officinalis L. extract as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 3.5 wt.
Fangzhu, which has been lost for thousands of years, is an ancient device for water collection from air; its mechanism is unknown yet. Here we elucidate its possible surface-geometric and related physical properties by the oldest theYin-Yangcontradiction. In view of modern nanotechnology, we reveal that Fangzhu's water-harvesting ability is obtained through a hydrophilic-hydrophobic hierarchy of the surface, mimicking spider web's water collection, lotus, or desert beetle's water intake. The convex-concave hierarchy of Fangzhu's textured surface enables it to have low wettability (high geometric potential) to attract water molecules from air through the nanoscale convex surface and transfer the attracted water along the concave surface to the collector. A mathematical model is established to reveal three main factors affecting its effectiveness, i.e., the air velocity, the surface temperature, and surface structure. The lost technology can play an extremely important role in modern architecture, ocean engineering, transportation, and others to catch water from air for everyday use.
The prediction of monthly rainfall-runoff time series has a significant influence in planning and developing water resources projects. Thus, in this research, a novel advanced coupled predictive disintegration-optimization-based model is developed to improve the forecasting exactness of the mean monthly river’s runoff. The suggested estimation model is a coupled version of the feature mode decomposition (FMD) algorithm and support vector regression (SVR) model optimized with artificial bee colony (ABC) metaheuristic algorithm, i.e., hybrid FMD-SVR-ABC model. Its performance is tested on monthly Barandouzchay River’s runoff (BCRRm) watershed in Urmia City, West Azerbaijan Province from Sep 1971 to Aug 2022. In the FMD-based approaches, the optimal amount of mode number for the rainfall time series measured is 5. Using the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) technique, the number of predictor variables is determined as 9. Comparison plots and performance assessment criteria attest that the recommended model under the optimum predictor and meta-parameters tuned, provides better forecasting results with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82, root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.67 (m3/s), mean bias error (MBE) of 0.22 (m3/s), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.8. Comparatively, the individual SVR model leads to the R2 of 0.36, RMSE of 5.39 (m3/s), MBE of 2.23 (m3/s), and NSE of 0.23. Integrating with FMD and ABC algorithms lessens the RMSE value in the single SVR (as the benchmark model) by 27.8
In this research, a new adsorbent made of electro-spun polyacrylonitrile / MOF-199 metal-organic frameworks (PAN/ MOF-199) nanofiber film was created for ultrasonic-assisted thin film microextraction (UA-TFME) of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as heptachlor and Endosulfan in agricultural products. The process involves adsorbing the analytes on the nanofiber film and then desorbing them using an organic solvent in two stages with the help of ultrasound. A method using PAN/ MOF-199 thin film microextraction with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (TFME-GC-FID) was developed. Various experimental parameters affecting extraction and desorption were optimized, including the type and volume of desorption solvent, desorption time, pH of the solution, extraction time, and salt percentage. The method’s detection limits ranged from 0.011 to 0.015 µg L− 1, and limits of quantification between 0.033 and 0.045 µg L− 1 under optimal conditions. The method showcased good precision with relative standard deviations for intra-day and inter-day precisions at 2.1–2.4
Stilling basins with sudden expansions are commonly used downstream of spillways to dissipate energy via a hydraulic jump. However, the resulting asymmetric (S-type) jump generates intense pressure fluctuations that can threaten the stability of the basin floor and any control structures within it. Unlike previous floor-mounted pressure measurements, this study experimentally investigates the hydrodynamic pressures on the upstream face of the first row of cross-beams used to control an S-jump in a channel with an expansion ratio of 0.67. Pressure measurements were taken at five lateral locations on the beam for three optimal beam configurations under Froude numbers of 7.4, 8.7, and 9.5. The results demonstrate that the cross-beam system effectively reduces the root mean square (RMS) of pressure fluctuations on the basin floor by 36–61
