Background Insomnia is a frequent sleep disorder among students, affecting academic achievement. Poor sleep quality is influenced by academic workload, psychological stress, and lifestyle habits. Objective To determine the prevalence of insomnia & its influence on academic performance among students. Methods The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were searched for studies published from 2000 to 2025. Observational studies assessing insomnia prevalence and academic performance in students were selected. Due to differences in study designs and outcome measures, findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results Forty-two studies involving over 98,000 students were included. Insomnia prevalence rates varied, ranging from 9.4% to 98.7%, with most studies documenting rates between 30% and 60%. Insomnia was linked to reduced cognitive performance, difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, and poorer academic outcomes, including lower GPAs and increased academic failure. Academic stress, mental health issues, irregular sleep habits, and excessive screen exposure were major contributing factors. Conclusion Insomnia is highly prevalent in students and has a substantial adverse effect on academic performance. Early recognition and targeted measures, such as sleep hygiene education and mental health support, are necessary to enhance sleep quality and educational achievement.
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is frequently associated with haematological and endocrine abnormalities. We report the case of a 16-year-old female with genetically confirmed non-mosaic Trisomy 21 who presented with fever, cough, and loose stools. Clinical features included short stature, obesity, and microcephaly. Laboratory investigations revealed pancytopenia with haemoglobin 4.5 g/dL, leukocyte count 4200/mm³, and platelet count 1.0 lakh/mm³. Red cell indices showed microcytic hypochromic anemia (MCV 74 fL, MCH 19 pg, MCHC 26 g/dL), corroborated by peripheral smear and a raised reticulocyte count (4.1%). Thyroid function tests indicated severe hypothyroidism (TSH > 49.90 µIU/mL). Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated hypocellularity with erythroid suppression, without evidence of malignancy. The patient responded well to levothyroxine (Thyronorm 75 mcg/day) and one unit of packed red blood cell transfusion. This case highlights the need for routine thyroid assessment and bone marrow evaluation in Down syndrome patients with pancytopenia to ensure timely identification of comorbidities, improves quality of life and avoids unnecessary oncological workup.
Diagnosis of paucibacillary pulmonary tuberculosis poses significant clinical challenge. There is paucity of the literature regarding the relationship between sensitivity of a diagnostic tool like CBNAAT (Catridge based nucleic acid amplification test) in relation to duration of the disease. In our study we found progressively increasing sensitivity of CBNAAT with increasing duration of the symptoms.
Introduction: Referral of high risk obstetric cases to a tertiary centre from a health centre can save the lives of both the mother and their infants. Referral should be prompt and should avoid all the three delays for which pattern of referral during weekdays and during weekend need from the periphery health centre need to be studied. Objectives: To analyze the referral pattern of high-risk obstetric cases from secondary to tertiary care on weekends. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from July 2022 to September 2023 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute among 400 obstetric cases referred from various health centres at periphery. Demographic data was collected and analysed. Results: Out of 400 participants, 69.3% were referred during the weekdays and 30.7% in weekend. 21% of the patients were referred due to HDP followed by fetal distress (9%). 6.8% of the patients were referred due to non-availability of doctors. Weekend referral was not associated with gestational age, parity, antenatal period, mode of management, LSCS, admission in OBG ICU, admission in NICU, maternal mortality, PNM and Blood transfusion. The mean delay in hours for referral to tertiary institute was significantly more in weekdays when compared with weekend referral. Conclusion: Out of all seven days in a week, weekend referral accounted for one third of all cases and non-availability of doctors was one of the main reasons which could be corrected with certain policies. Key words: Weekend referral, weekday referral, obstetrics, tertiary hospital
This overview explores the versatility and applications of nanocellulose in various technologies, including energy production, biosensors and bioelectronics. It highlights the potential of bioelectronic decals for physiological and health monitoring as well as for the fabrication of flexible light-emitting sheets. Nanocellulose is also crucial in energy storage materials, particularly in solar heat-harvesting technologies and is essential for environmental sustainability because of its catalytic use in water and air purification. The growing need for nanocellulose based sensors in the healthcare and pollution control sectors is emphasized. Furthermore, the study discusses the role of nanocellulose in 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering with the development of printable hydrogels and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, a scientometric analysis based on Scopus data from 2015 to 2024 is conducted to evaluate the research trends in nanocellulose and its applications. The study provides insights into year-wise production, the top 10 contributing authors, their affiliations, leading countries and the most influential journals in the field. By analyzing publication trends and citation metrics, this review offers a comprehensive overview of the research landscape and the evolving impact of nanocellulose in scientific and industrial applications. Nanocellulose is a revolutionary and promising material with immense potential across multiple domains.
