Aim: to present clinical guidelines describing the clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and histological characteristics of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and to provide information support for decision-making on diagnosis, prognosis assessment and choice of management tactics for patients with AIG.Key points. AIG is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies to parietal cells and/or intrinsic factor, in which inflammation and atrophy are limited to the gastric mucosa, functionally manifesting as hypo- and achlorhydria. There is evidence of an increase in the incidence of AIG worldwide. AIG is often associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (up to 40 % of cases), type 1 diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Data on laboratory diagnostic methods, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and histological examination of biopsies are presented, with an analysis of the endoscopic and histological picture typical of AIG. When AIG is combined with H. pylori infection, eradication therapy is recommended. In addition to symptomatic treatment and treatment of anemia, long-term rebamipide therapy is recommended to potentiate the protective properties of the gastric mucosa. Endoscopic monitoring of patients with AIG is recommended at intervals of once every 3 years.
The spread of drug-resistant pathogens, especially multidrug resistant ones, dictates a reassessment of approaches to antimicrobials’ use in the Russian healthcare system. Antimicrobial pharmacotherapy surveillance providing healthcare specialists with up-to-date information is a crucial tool for predicting and controlling drug resistance dynamics, developing targeted antimicrobial stewardship strategies, and assessing the effectiveness of their implementation. This article provides information on the burden of antimicrobial resistance and the impact of antimicrobial use patterns on its’ selection, including misuse correction as a mean of prevention of resistance selection and spread. International and domestic practices of surveillance of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of antimicrobial use and the key current international surveillance projects are described.
Посвящается 20-летию выпуска (2006) бывших студентов 1 «А» группы лечебного факультета Смоленского государственного медицинского университета (академии) Dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the graduation (2006) of former students of the 1st "A" group of the medical faculty of the Smolensk State Medical University (Academy)
This literature review focuses on studying reflex epilepsy: a group of epileptic syndromes characterized by seizures triggered by specific external stimuli. Current scientific publications assessing the mechanisms underlying formation, clinical manifestations, and approaches to treat various subtypes of reflex epilepsy were analyzed. The domestic and foreign publications containing up-to-date information on reflex (stimulus-sensitive) epilepsy and its subtypes were investigated. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, eLibrary and CyberLeninka databases. The main types of reflex epilepsy, including photosensitive, praxis-induced, musicogenic, bathing epilepsy, etc, were detailed. Of special attention were clinical features and therapeutic approaches. Shedding light on reflex epilepsies is crucial for increasing effectiveness of medical care and improving patients’quality of life.
Background/Objectives: Functional biomarkers of vascular stiffness (FBM-VS) may serve as an effective tool for predicting and monitoring the effectiveness of preventive strategies against accelerated vascular ageing in healthy populations within the framework of P4 medicine. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of a standardized to hydrostatic column height passive head-up tilt test (stHUTT) and a simplified supine-to-sitting test (SST) for measuring FBM-VS in a paired sample of young healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 95 healthy adults aged 18-20 years (54 women and 41 men). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured in three positions: baseline supine position (baPWVb), during stHUTT (baPWVst), and after transitioning to a sitting position (baPWVsit). The functional reserve of orthostatic circulatory regulation (FR) and the functional reserve coefficient (FRC) were calculated for the stHUTT (FRst and FRCst) and during the supine-to-sitting test (FRsit and FRCsit). Results: The results showed unidirectional orthostatic changes in baPWV during both tests (significant increase compared to baseline supine values): baPWVst and baPWVsit in stHUTT and during the SST increased from 8.6 [8.1; 9.1] m/s to 13.4 [12.1; 14.4] m/s and to 15.2 [13.4; 16.1] m/s (p < 0.001), respectively. FBM-VS values in the SST were higher compared to stHUTT: FRsit = 6.4 [5.25; 7.75] m/s vs. FRst = 4.85 [3.7; 5.75] m/s (p < 0.001), and FRCsit = 0.74 [0.59;0.9] vs. FRCst = 0.55 [0.45; 0.68] (p < 0.001). The variance of these parameters was also significantly higher in the SST. Spearman rank correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between biomarkers measured during both orthostatic tests. Conclusions: The supine-to-sitting test may be used for the personalized quantitative assessment of FBM-VS in healthy populations. To assess their prognostic value and to provide personalized long-term monitoring to control the effectiveness of preventive measures against vascular ageing in healthy individuals, a prospective cohort study is required.
