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Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policymaking. We found variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual- and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists.
Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries. The data were collected between November 2022 and August 2023 as part of the global Many Labs study “Trust in Science and Science-Related Populism” (TISP). The questionnaire contained comprehensive measures for individuals’ trust in scientists, science-related populist attitudes, perceptions of the role of science in society, science media use and communication behaviour, attitudes to climate change and support for environmental policies, personality traits, political and religious views and demographic characteristics. Here, we describe the dataset, survey materials and psychometric properties of key variables. We encourage researchers to use this unique dataset for global comparative analyses on public perceptions of science and its role in society and policy-making.
The integration of technological advances into health sciences has promoted their development, but also generated setbacks and difficulties for digital transformation. In different areas, technology has modified the processes of diagnosis, teaching and learning, treatment and monitoring, which is why the study of new technologies and the models that support their introduction is essential. Internet of Things is one of these models, which, in turn, includes different models, devices and applications. Due to its breadth of exploitation options and benefits, in the health area this concept has been adopted and particularized as the Internet of Medical Things. With the purpose of achieving an approximation to the main trends and characteristics, a literature review study was conducted, based on mixed methods. Two studies were carried out with a sequential strategy, the first being bibliometric and the second a scoping review. The main results allowed us to describe the main trends in terms of bibliometric indicators, a thematic analysis in terms of areas, populations, benefits and limitations. It is concluded that there is a need for new interdisciplinary studies and lines for future research are presented.
Introduction: Augmented reality is defined as a direct or indirect vision of a physically real environment, parts of which they are enriched with additional digital information relevant to the object that is being looked at. In the field of engineering design, there is a wide range of industries that use this technology, such as automotive, aircraft manufacturing, electronics, engineering; so that it has gained popularity in assembly, maintenance and inspection tasks. The objective was to characterize the use of augmented reality in the automotive industry.Methods: a total of 20 articles in Spanish and English were reviewed, from Scopus, Science and Dialnet; Using as keywords: augmented reality, automotive industry, manufacturing, being more than 50 % of the last five years.Result: its main advantage is considered its potential as an interactive and intuitive interface. It promises to provide the correct information to the human operator at the right time and place. If it is considered an ideal environment in which the RA is applied safely, in adequate balance between automated processes and human control over them; The level of production and its quality will be positively affected.Conclusions: Augmented reality is applied in areas of the automotive industry such as logistics design, assembly, maintenance, evaluation, diagnosis, repair, inspection, quality control, instruction and marketing; in order to guarantee better work performance, productivity and efficiency, mainly mediated by portable devices. Its degree of acceptance, although growing, is not yet clear.
Lichens thrive in rocky coastal areas in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres. Species of the genus Lichina, which form characteristic black fruiting thalli associated with cyanobacteria, often create distinguishable bands in the intertidal and supralittoral zones. The present study uses a comprehensive specimen dataset and four gene loci to (1) delineate and discuss species boundaries in this genus, (2) assess evolutionary relationships among species, and (3) infer the most likely causes of their current geographic distribution in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. A dated phylogeny describes the time frame in which extant disjunctions of species and populations were established. The results showed that the genus is integrated by four species, with Lichina pygmaea, L. confinis and the newly described L. canariensis from rocky seashores in the Canary Islands, occurring in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas L. intermedia is restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. Lichina intermedia hosted a much higher intraspecific genetic diversity than the other species, with subclades interpreted as species-level lineages by the different species delimitation approaches. However, a conservative taxonomic approach was adopted. This species showed a striking disjunct distribution between Australasia and southern South America. The timing for the observed interspecific and intraspecific divergences and population disjunctions postdated continental plate movements, suggesting that long-distance dispersal across body waters in the two hemispheres played a major role in shaping the current species distributions. Such ocean crossings were, as in L. canariensis, followed by speciation. New substitution rates for the nrITS of the genus Lichina were inferred using a tree spanning the major Ascomycota lineages calibrated using fossils. In conclusion, this work lays the foundation for a better understanding of the evolution through time and space of maritime lichens.
