Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (formerly Sri Devaraj Urs University) is a deemed university located in Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India. It was established as Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College in 1986 by Sri Devaraj Urs Educational Trust. It was conferred deemed-to-be-university status under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956 in 25 May 2007.
Carbohydrate counting is a vital meal-planning approach to manage patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen. This method involves identifying the amount of carbohydrates in meals and its impact on blood sugar levels in T1DM patients. Objective To assess the impact of carbohydrate counting and a standard diabetic diet on the glycemic control of children and adolescents with T1DM.Please provide objective separately after the background. To assess the impact of carbohydrate counting and a standard diabetic diet on the glycemic control of children and adolescents with T1DM. A Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted with 100 subjects (CG n = 50, IG n = 50) aged 6 to 18 years. The control group followed a standard diet pattern, while the intervention group adopted the carbohydrate-counting method for six months. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical profiles (FBS and PPBS, HbA1c), and daily insulin requirements were recorded at baseline and after the intervention for both groups. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were utilized for data analysis and interpretation. The demographic variables of both groups exhibited similar distributions. The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in mean HbA1c levels [Baseline-(10.6 ± 3.0), end of 6 months- (8.4 ± 1.5), P < 0.00001] compared to the control group. Mean values of bolus insulin were lower in the intervention group, whereas in the control group, it remained the same. While both groups exhibited decreasing trends in mean FBS and PPBS levels, the intervention group showed a more pronounced reduction; however, statistical significance was not achieved. The intervention group showed a significant improvement in HbA1c levels, indicating improved glycemic control. These findings highlight the importance of individualised nutrition therapy in managing Type 1 diabetes in paediatric populations.
Körner’s septum (KS), the petro-squamosal lamina of the temporal bone, is a frequent anatomic variant that can mislead surgeons during mastoidectomy by mimicking the medial wall of the antrum. Accurate preoperative identification and thickness measurement on high‑resolution computed tomography (HRCT) may reduce residual disease in chronic otitis media (COM). To quantify thickness of KS on HRCT of temporal bone and correlate radiological measurements with intraoperative measurement in patients with inactive mucosal type of COM. In a prospective cohort of 96 adults undergoing cortical mastoidectomy, HRCT measured KS thickness at anterior, middle and posterior levels. A single surgeon obtained matching intraoperative microruler measurements. Agreement and correlation were analyzed using paired t‑tests, Pearson’s r, and Bland–Altman plots (p < 0.05). KS was identified in all cases. Mean radiological thickness was 1.05 ± 0.25 mm; mean intraoperative thickness was 1.01 ± 0.02 mm. Correlation was strong (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) with no significant regional differences. Bland–Altman analysis showed excellent agreement within clinically acceptable limits. HRCT provides precise, clinically reliable estimates of KS thickness that closely mirror intraoperative findings. Routine KS assessment can formulate surgical strategy and help prevent incomplete mastoidectomy in COM.
Phage-derived lytic enzymes (endolysins) and tailocins are emerging as promising biocontrol agents to enhance microbial safety in meat and dairy systems, in response to increasing antimicrobial resistance and demand for clean-label preservation strategies. This review critically examines their mechanisms of action, structural diversity, and recent advances in engineering to improve stability, specificity, and activity under food-relevant conditions. These agents exhibit complementary mechanisms: endolysins rapidly hydrolyzing bacterial peptidoglycan, whereas tailocins disrupting the cell membranes through receptor-mediated interactions. Recent studies demonstrate effectiveness against major foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, and their integration into multi-hurdle systems involving natural antimicrobials, probiotics, and active packaging systems. However, their practical implementation is limited by factors such as matrix-dependent efficacy, production scalability, and regulatory variability across regions. Overall, advances in molecular engineering, delivery systems, and regulatory harmonization are essential to enable successful translation of these precision antimicrobials into industrial food safety applications.
Background:Dysregulation of the T helper 17 (Th17) cell pathway can result in autoimmune activation and chronic inflammation. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterised by melanocyte cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the Th17 pathway in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The three components of the pathway were evaluated using plasma interleukin (IL6), IL23, and IL10 for the modulatory component, STAT3 and RORC gene expression for the mediator component, and plasma IL17A for the effector component.Method:The study was carried out using a case-control design. The case group comprised patients diagnosed with vitiligo (n = 30), whereas the control group comprised healthy volunteers (n = 30). The plasma cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results:In vitiligo patients, IL6 was 2.3 times higher (P < 0.001), IL23 was 1.1 times higher (P = 0.18), and IL10 was 2.5 times lower (P < 0.001). The fold change in the expression of the STAT3 gene was 2.27 times (P < 0.01) and that of the RORC gene was 3.8 times (P < 0.001) in vitiligo patients. Plasma IL17A was 1.6 times higher (P < 0.001) in vitiligo patients.Conclusions:Together, these results indicate that the Th17 pathway is likely to be overactive in vitiligo due to dysregulation.
