Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) is a state university located at Tirupati, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. It was established in 2005 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh and focuses on veterinary studies..
Understanding population structure, effective population size (Ne), and inbreeding is fundamental for conservation and genetic improvement of livestock. In domestic water buffalo, a key contributor to Indian agriculture, genomic insights remain limited compared to those of cattle. In this study, we utilised double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) to investigate linkage disequilibrium (LD), Ne, haplotype structure, and Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) based inbreeding in five Indian indigenous buffalo breeds namely, Bhadawari (BHA), Mehsana (MEH), Murrah (MUR), Pandharpuri (PAN), and Surti (SUR). After stringent quality control, 232,463 high-confidence SNPs were retained for subsequent analyses. LD decay patterns revealed slower breakdown in MEH, consistent with stronger selection and reduced gene flow, while MUR exhibited the most rapid decay, reflecting a large breeding base and wider dissemination. Ne estimates further supported these trends, with MUR showing the largest effective size (155-3597 across 13-999 generations) and MEH the smallest (45-1771), indicating greater vulnerability to drift. Haplotype block analysis highlighted extensive recombination and diversity in MUR, contrasted by fewer but larger haplotypes in MEH. ROH profiles identified elevated genomic autozygosity in MEH (FROH = 0.091621) compared to moderate-to-low levels in MUR (FROH = 0.027198) and SUR (FROH = 0.050559), underscoring breed-specific demographic histories. Collectively, these results demonstrate pronounced differences in genomic diversity, inbreeding, and historical demography among Indian buffalo breeds. Our findings emphasize the importance of genomic monitoring for balancing selection with long-term genetic health, and provide a critical foundation for designing sustainable breeding and conservation strategies in Indian buffalo.
Conservation of genetic diversity is fundamental to safeguarding the adaptive potential of any species. Sheep (Ovis aries), domesticated approximately 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, have developed extensive genetic diversity, particularly in Asia, which hosts over 40
The present research was carried out during 2024 (June to December, 2024) in the Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India to determine the shelf-life of vacuum packaged functional chicken sausages and its organoleptic qualities was carried out with the objectives to assess the storage stability and sensory qualities of spent chicken sausages stored at frozen (-18°C) temperature. Functional chicken sausages were developed with 10% level of replacement of chicken fat with grounded poppy, sesame, groundnut seeds and were analysed for their keeping quality along with high fat control kept at frozen (-18±1°C) temperatures for 180 days. Results revealed that, there was significant (p<0.05) effect on functional chicken sausages with replacement of fat with 10% level of ground vegetable oil seeds under frozen storage. FFA, TBARS, tyrosine, pH and all microbiological parameters of chicken sausages were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by formulation in frozen storage and functional chicken sausages were found to have significantly lower values than control. Regardless of formulation, the mean values of pH, FFA, TBARS, tyrosine, standard plate, psychrophilic, yeast and moulds, lactobacillus and anaerobic counts were significantly (p<0.05) increased throughout the storage period in all chicken sausages under frozen conditions. Scores for all sensory attributes decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all chicken sausages irrespective of formulation. Combination of vacuum packing and fat replacement with ground vegetable oilseeds reduced lipid oxidation and microbial growth in chicken sausages and maintained the sensory quality characteristics during frozen storage for 180 days.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of intrauterine administration of proteo lytic enzymes with conventional antibiotic therapy and an untreated control, focusing on their effects on cervical mucus characteristics, evidence of PMN cell percentages, recovery and subsequent fertility in crossbred cows afflicted with subclinical endometritis. Group I received intrauterine proteolytic enzyme infusion containing trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain; Group II received systemic antibiotic ceftiofur sodium intramuscularly for three days; and Group III served as the control group. 87.50% of animals in both Group I and II showed clear thin mucus while Group III animals showed no improvement. The mean spinnbarkeit values after treatment increased significantly in Group I and II. The mean pH values of cervical mucus in Group I and II was 7.12 ± 0.10, whereas Group III retained an alkaline pH (8.00 ± 0.10). The mean percentage of PMN cells recorded significant reductions Group I and II, while Group III remained unchanged after treatment. The first service conception rate among clinically recovered animals was 57.14% in Group I, 42.85% in Group II and 0% in Group III. Though conception rates were comparable between Group I and II, the enzyme group showed slightly higher fertility restoration. The results of the present study suggest that intrauterine administration of proteolytic enzymes improves cervical mucus quality, reduces uterine inflammation, and enhances fertility outcomes in cows with subclinical endometritis.
