St. Joseph's College of Engineering is a higher education institution in Chennai, India. It is under the administration of the St. Joseph's Educational Trust. The college is affiliated to the Anna University, Chennai.
A subgraph of the square lattice with all of its inner faces being 4-cycles is called a square-cell configuration. Prior work has provided explicit expressions for the total and average distances between vertex pairs in symmetric square-cell configurations, including well-structured families such as hexagonal square-cell configurations H(n), trapezium square-cell configurations T(n,k), and bitrapezium square-cell configurations BT(n,k_1,k_2). In this article, we further extend the square-cell configuration from regular boundaries to irregular boundaries, which do not exhibit complete regularity or symmetry in their structure. We find the generalized expressions for the Wiener index and average distance of such irregular configurations, incorporating combinatorial and structural variations. Our results demonstrate how irregularity affects the growth and distribution of pairwise distances and provide a unifying framework that includes both symmetric and asymmetric square-cell graphs as exceptional cases. This generalization provides novel insights into the structural behaviour of square-cell frameworks characterized by complex or perturbed geometries.
Interest in waste-to-energy technologies, especially the co-pyrolysis of biomass, food, and plastic waste, has grown as a result of the world’s significant increases in waste production and energy demand. In this study, energy-rich biofuel and value-added chemicals were recovered from waste materials. The feedstocks used were fish waste, sugarcane bagasse, and waste plastics. The plastics included polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These wastes were collected from commercial, agricultural, and residential sectors. The experiments were carried out with the motive of producing more pyrolysis liquid by blending fish waste with waste plastics (FWP) and sugarcane bagasse with waste plastics (SBP) in equal proportions in a fixed bed reactor under different operating temperatures between 350 °C and 550 °C. The maximum oil product yields for the pyrolysis of FWP were 52.0 wt
The increasing discharge of synthetic dyes and pathogenic microorganisms into aquatic environments presents significant environmental and public health challenges, necessitating the development of sustainable and multifunctional treatment materials. In this study, an acid-functionalized biocarbon (AF-BC)-supported CeO2/Ga2O3 ternary nanocomposite was successfully developed as an efficient dual-functional material for photocatalytic wastewater treatment and antibacterial applications. The integration of Ga2O3 and conductive biocarbon markedly improved light absorption, promoted charge separation, and accelerated interfacial electron transport. The AF-BC/CeO2/Ga2O3 ternary composite demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity under natural sunlight, with 96
Organic single crystals of R-mandelic acid S-alanine hemihydrate (MASAH) were successfully grown by the slow evaporation technique. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses confirm that the crystal belongs to the triclinic system with a non-centrosymmetric space group P1. The grown crystal exhibits good optical transparency in the visible region with a lower cut-off wavelength of 272 nm and an optical bandgap of 4.2 eV. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirm the presence of functional groups and molecular structure. Thermal analysis reveals that the crystal is stable up to 102 °C. The Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of MASAH is found to be 0.93 times that of Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Z-scan studies indicate a positive nonlinear refractive index and significant third-order nonlinear optical response. Unlike earlier reports limited to structural analysis, the present work establishes the optical and nonlinear optical properties of MASAH. Compared to conventional amino acid crystals such as glycine and L-alanine, the enhanced nonlinear response is attributed to π-electron contribution and intermolecular interactions.
The research extensively examines mechanical testing and optimization of basalt fiber-reinforced nylon (BF-nylon) materials. All samples were produced by FFF 3D printer, specifically the Delta Wasp company’s model 2040 industrial X. Crucial mechanical evaluations such as compression testing, tensile testing, Izod impact testing and wear resistance analysis were performed to analyze the composite’s stiffness, strength, toughness and wear resistance. Minimal wear rate were 0.0293 mm³ m⁻¹, while highest compression, impact and tensile resistance strengths reached were 48.2 MPa, 58.4 MPa, and 40.79 J m⁻¹, respectively, in accordance with the major process parameters outlined in experimental matrix. Data obtained at experimental evaluation was employed to evaluate and train ANN model. The efficiency of BF-nylon were enhanced through (MOGA) multi-objective optimization employing a genetic algorithm. The impact resistance, wear rate, compression strength, and tensile strength, of 0.016275777 mm³/m, 33.11 J/m, 56.70 MPa, and 47.40 MPa, have been attained at layer height 335 mm, infill density 90
