State Agrarian University of Moldova

For Moldova's agriculture are characterized the existence of many small family farms and only a small number of corporate holdings (limited liabilities companies, agricultural production cooperatives etc). Most of individual farms, small by size produce only for own family consumption and cannot find their way to the market place. The accentuated poverty makes rural economy to flow more and more to a natural subsistence economy, isolating itself from the market economy. The goal of this paper is to delimitate different types of farms based on selected indicators and to appreciate their level of development. Differences in farms levels of development are appreciated through cluster analysis. The research includes the analysis of farms survey data. This research was carried as a part of the Academy of Sciences project "Sustainable rural development in Republic of Moldova in the context of EU accession". In the project were surveyed 938 individual farms from nine districts across the country. As a result, we distinguish three types of farms: natural, family and market household. The cluster analysis allows to characterize the farms level development, to determine the main priority directions, and to elaborate measures for the individual farms further sustainable development.

The trend toward sustainable protein substitutes is driven by growing concerns about food security, sustainability, and human health. Spent brewer's yeast and wine lees are two by-products of the beer and wine industry with high potential, owing to their complex composition, which remains insufficiently exploited. The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the two by-products under two different drying techniques to observe if there are significant changes in composition: oven-drying and freeze-drying. Two samples of wine lees from producers in the Republic of Moldova were used-Asconi Winery and Cricova Winery (Republic of Moldova)-as well as a sample of spent brewer's yeast offered by Efes Vitanta Moldova Brewery. The samples were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity (total polyphenol content (TPC), individual polyphenol content, and DPPH assay scavenging activity), color, mineral content, structural composition (FT-IR analysis), and microstructure, as well as organic acid and B vitamin content. The highest protein content was recorded in the samples from Cricova (45.35-46.81%). Regarding the polyphenols, the oven-dried Efes sample exhibited a TPC value of 3.98 mg GAE/g, while the highest DPPH value of 88.92% was observed in the Asconi sample. All analyzed samples showed a diverse composition of individual phenolic compounds, including 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid. Wine lees samples have the highest content of B vitamins, with vitamin B3 being the most abundant across all samples, followed by vitamin B6. The microstructural examination revealed autolyzed yeast cells, with more permeable cell walls, favorable to subsequent valorization treatments, and in some cases, cells form clusters in a mother-daughter junction due to serial re-pitching.

In the context of severe climate change over the past 20 years, which has led to reduced rainfall and reduced crop yields, identifying solutions to meet these challenges has become a priority for agricultural researchers. Thus, conservation and ecological, organic farming practices have emerged, which can mitigate and even improve crop productivity, even in these harsh conditions for agriculture. This paper is a synthesis of 433 papers published worldwide (Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australia) and analyzes how conservation and organic farming practices have influenced the increase in soil quality and health through: no-tillage, covering land with agricultural residues, crop rotation etc.

The propolis presents a complex product, but its quality and biologic value depends on the chemical composition and looking at the ecological situation the study of the composition and the amino-acids dynamic in its composition have theoretic and practice importance. The aim of the experiments was the study of the composition and the amino-acids dynamic in the collected propolis in different areas from Republic of Moldova during the active season. There was established the aminoacids composition and their quantity in propolis at the special analysis at Centre of Metrology and Automation of Scientific Researches at the Academy of Science of Moldova . There was established a large amount of amino-acids (6,868 mg/g) in collected propolis from south area of Republic of Moldova. From all determined amino-acids the largest quantity it is the monoaminomonocarbonic group (alanine, valine, glycine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, treonine) – 41.45%. The monoaminodicarbonic group of amino-acids (asparagic acid and glutamic acid), consists – 25.53% from the total, heterociclc (histidine, proline) – 11.39%, diaminomonocarbonic (argine, lysine)- 747%, cycle-aromatic (fenilanina, tyrosine) – 5.92%, cystine – 6.90%, methionine – 1.19%. In autumn season (August - September), the average of the amino-acids quantity consists 3,426mg/g. The aminoacids quantity in autumn period has decreased to the spring period by 1.74 times. The highest amount had glutamic acid – 16.34% and asparagic acid 11,58% from the whole amount, the lowest quantity had metionine – 0,64% and triptophan – 0.67%.There was determined that the amino-acids quantity in propolis depends on the geographic area as well on the plants species from which it was collected. There happen quantitative changes during the active season in the amino-acids composition of the propolis.

In this issue of Journal of Legal and Administrative Studies (JLAS) are included scientific articles which debate problems from legal sciences field: OPEN STATEHOOD AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE; ACTIVITIES OF PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES IN SOME AFRICAN STATES; RATIO DECIDENDI END THE SCIENCE OF LAW; INITIAL TREATIES - PRIMARY SOURCES OF EUROPEAN UNION LAW; LIMITING SENIORS' RIGHT TO VOTE; THE CONCEPT OF CIVIL SERVICE INTEGRITY; THE TRANSPORT OF PERSONS UNDER NATIONAL LAW, IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC etc.The Journal of Legal and Administrative Studies was founded in 2002 and it is dedicated to the academic teachers and researchers, lawyers, magistrates, Ph.D. students and post-doctoral researchers into legal and administrative sciences and their auxiliary sciences, from Romania and from abroad. Subjects for submission include the following main areas, but are not limited to them: Public Law, Private Law, Protection of human rights and protection against discrimination, European Union law, Forensics and Criminology, Legal Sociology, History of law, juridical philosophy.The journal promotes the original researches that contributes to the knowledge progress and are motivated by the necessity of studying the theory and practice in the mentioned areas. Also, the journal aims to create a forum for disciplinary and interdisciplinary debates and to become a standard in the national and international juridical and administrative research.