.
Research was conducted to determine the effect of microbiological preparations containing beneficial bacteria and fungi (including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) on the soil-plant system during winter wheat cultivation. It was shown that the application of microbiological preparations as part of an integrated winter wheat protection technology resulted in improved biometric indicators, as well as the tillering coefficient; a decrease in the prevalence of diseases and pests; a significant increase in yield (from 54 c/ha to 70 c/ha), improved crop structure and grain quality. The addition of beneficial microorganisms to the soil contributed to an increase in the organic matter content associated with the intensive decomposition of crop residues, as well as an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus due to the microbiological mobilization of poorly soluble phosphates.
из-за особенностей обучения в технических ВУЗах студентам- спортсменам часто приходится сталкиваться с изменениями в учебно-тренировочном процессе, которые могут негативно влиять на спортивную подготовку и соревновательную деятельность в целом. Для более эффективной подготовки к соревновательной деятельности необходимо оптимизировать процесс подготовки и развитие физических способностей, в том числе и скоростно-силовых. Это позволит студентам распределять время на лыжную подготовку и учебу, а также выполнять все необходимые тренировки для улучшения физических способностей. Исходя из особенностей процесса подготовки, немаловажную роль играет индивидуализация процесса построения учебно-тренировочных нагрузок, что позволит своевременно реагировать на изменения в результатах отдельно взятого спортсмена. Задачей тренера является разработать методику для оптимального развития и подготовки студентов, учитывая их индивидуальные способности, адаптацию к предлагаемым нагрузкам и уровень загруженности по профильным предметам, изучаемым в ВУЗе. due to the specific nature of education in technical universities, student athletes often have to deal with changes in the training process, which can have a negative impact on their athletic performance and overall competitiveness. To ensure a more effective preparation for competitive activities, it is necessary to optimize the training process and develop physical abilities, including speed and strength. This will allow students to allocate time for skiing training and academic pursuits, as well as perform all necessary exercises to improve their physical capabilities. Based on the specifics of the training process, individualization of the training load is an important factor, allowing for timely response to changes in the individual athlete's performance. The coach's task is to develop a methodology for optimal development and training of students, taking into account their individual abilities, adaptation to the proposed loads, and workload levels.
In this paper, rational land use in the context of technology import substitution is considered as a link between the technological provision of agricultural production, the sustainability of soil and water potential, and the results for food security. The purpose of the study is to justify conceptual and applied approaches to assessing and improving the rationality of land use in Russian rural regions when switching to domestic solutions, as well as to determine the management effects that can be achieved by improving the organization of land resources. The focus is on the thesis that the effectiveness of import substitution depends not only on the replacement of equipment and materials, but also on the adjustment of land use strategies in the logic of environmentally and economically sustainable systems. Research objectives include: analysis of the factors hindering the formation of a land management strategy in the context of land degradation and uncertainty of organizational decisions; development of criteria for the effectiveness of rational land use (in relation to the availability of technologies); and generalization of practical-oriented directions for increasing the productivity of land. It is emphasized that the availability and adaptability of technologies to local conditions are necessary for obtaining results, and sustainable resource management is a prerequisite for preserving the quality of soils and water as the basis for future agricultural production.
The modern development of the agricultural sector in the Russian Federation is impossible without ensuring the rational use and protection of land resources, which are an essential component of the country's natural and economic potential. In recent decades, the issue of agricultural land degradation, including particularly valuable areas with high fertility and significance for the country's food security, has become particularly relevant. Large-scale processes of erosion, pollution, salinization, compaction, and soil depletion lead to a decrease in agricultural productivity, a reduction in agricultural profitability, and a deterioration in the ecological state of agricultural landscapes. In this regard, the authors propose measures to prevent soil (land) degradation based on increasing humus in arable soils and ensuring its balance in the process of agricultural production. The formation of humus balance is proposed to be carried out on the basis of a scientifically based selection of crops in crop rotation, the application of the necessary agrotechnical methods of soil cultivation. In particular, without expanding the area under crops that produce humus-forming stubble, the authors propose using a reclamation crop rotation with barley as a green manure crop. Research conducted by the authors in the Voronezh region showed that the yield of oil radish is more than twice that of lupine, white mustard, and rye, and in favorable climatic conditions, it reaches 500-600 kg/ha in 75-80 days, while its seed yield is 10-18 kg/ha. The calculations presented by the authors show that the proposed reclamation crop rotation allows for the accumulation of + 6.04 t/ha of humus per year, compared to the conventional field crop rotation of – (– 0.51) t/ha. According to the authors' calculations, the costs of organizing and implementing a reclamation crop rotation with the introduction of a green manure crop into the crop rotation structure will amount to 22,500 rubles per year, while the restoration of degraded soils throughout the Voronezh region, where the humus content is low, will require 63,828 million rubles and 8 years of implementation of the authors' proposals. The paper also notes that the presence of humus and its quantity is not always a factor or indicator of the quality and/or demand for soil or land for agricultural production. The presence of pollutants in humus plays a negative role in increasing its quantity, so the costs of eliminating humus pollution should be assessed based on the loss in quality and production volumes on such land. In general, the balance of humus, when soil fertility is actively used for agricultural purposes, can act as a key regulator of differential rent and determine its cadastral assessment.
The article examines methods for assessing the feasibility of bringing land into agricultural use. An analysis of the limitations and shortcomings of traditional and digital international methodologies and techniques is conducted. The study highlights problems related to data heterogeneity and incompleteness, high time and labor intensity, significant financial costs, and insufficient digitalization of traditional field surveys. As solutions to these problems, digital land inventory methods based on modern digital technologies are proposed. Fragmentation is identified as one of the key challenges of these digital methods and technologies.
