State University of Surabaya

Background & objective: Small-sided games (SSGs) are widely used in football because they manipulate player numbers, playing area, rules, while preserving key features of match play. However, evidence linking SSG implementation to ball progression during elite competition remains limited when SSGs are embedded in a real-world preparation programme rather than imposed experimentally. This study examined the correspondence between SSG implementation and ball progression performance in the East Java Provincial Football Team during the 2024 National Sports Week (PON XXI). Materials & Methods: A quantitative ex post facto performance-analysis design was used. Official training documentation, match recordings, match statistics, were reviewed. The performance dataset comprised three PON matches against Papua Pegunungan, West Java, and Aceh. SSG implementation was characterised by player-number modification, playing-area manipulation, game constraints, intensity, and training objectives. Ball progression was assessed using passing accuracy, attacking-third passes, successful progressive passes, through passes, and chances created. Descriptive statistics were used because the available dataset did not support a valid participant-level inferential model. STROBE was used as the reporting framework. Results: Across the three analysed matches, possession ranged from 31% to 47% and passing accuracy from 63.46% to 72.87%. Successful progressive passes ranged from 19 to 40, successful attacking-third passes from 80 to 115, and chances created from 2 to 7. Progressive passing and through passes were present in all three matches. Training documentation showed consistent alignment between SSG characteristics and observed attacking indicators; however, no causal or statistically significant contribution estimate could be established. Conclusions: In this elite provincial-team case, SSG implementation was consistently accompanied by progressive passing and attacking-third progression across different match contexts. The international contribution is applied and methodological: naturally implemented, representative game-based training can be examined alongside competitive performance while separating correspondence from causal effectiveness. Controlled longitudinal studies are needed to estimate effect magnitude and mechanisms.

This study examines how coastal women in Telaga Biru Village, Madura, Indonesia, use natural-dye batik as an everyday practice of livelihood adaptation, ecological knowledge transmission, and community sustainability. Rather than treating women only as vulnerable subjects of climate and coastal change, the article asks how women's craft labour enables them to negotiate socio-ecological uncertainty within unequal gender relations, unstable markets, and limited institutional support. Based on feminist ethnography, the study draws on participant observation, in-depth interviews with 15 women batik artisans, and supplementary interviews with the village head and a local batik business owner. The findings show that women's natural-dye batik work operates as intergenerational eco-craft: it sustains household livelihoods, preserves coastal motifs and natural-dye knowledge, supports small-scale waste management, enables limited digital marketing, and anchors community-based environmental care through women's informal and organisational networks. At the same time, the article cautions against romanticising women's resilience, as their adaptive labour remains under-recognised, poorly supported, and shaped by patriarchal household and community structures. By conceptualising natural-dye batik as intergenerational eco-craft, this study contributes to feminist climate scholarship by showing how women's craft labour connects ecological knowledge, livelihood adaptation, cultural continuity, and coastal sustainability in the Global South.

The present schooling system is currently facing a dual disruptive crisis, spurred by the encroachment of social media algorithms and generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). While these forces impact the way students learn and think about information, they also induce an epistemological overhaul in the ecology of instructional communication. Students, with their visual rhetorical frameworks from digital platforms and the use of AI for analytical processing, present an apparent disciplinary crisis for their educators-a communication crisis in disguise. Applying Karl Weick's Sensemaking theory, this paper examines school leaders and Guidance Counselors in Samarinda, Indonesia's understanding of these ambiguities and reconceptualization of their roles. Through qualitative case studies based on teachers' pedagogical narratives, this study shows that teachers' epistemological authority is diminishing as they negotiate the hegemonic algorithmic communication. They respond to the students' fear of cognitive degradation by reorienting from a "knowledge transmitting" communicative practice towards "ethical verifiers" and "empathetic listeners." A Human-AI symbiosis is being created with the machine as information provider and humans as ethical validators and empathic listener. Implications were made for the development of policies related to algorithmic communication literacy and the application of tactical empathy in the classroom.

Background & objective: Vault performance in women’s artistic gymnastics requires the coordinated organization of high-velocity movement across successive phases, from the approach run to the second flight. Previous biomechanical research has frequently examined individual variables in isolation, whereas phase-specific coordination across the complete vault sequence remains less explored using accessible video-based methods. This study aimed to explore phase-specific kinematic characteristics and inter-phase movement organization among selected female artistic gymnasts competing at Olympic/international and national levels. Materials & Methods: An exploratory multiple-case study design was employed using retrospective video-based biomechanical analysis. Five female gymnasts were analyzed, comprising three Olympic/international-level and two national-level athlete-performance cases. Publicly available competition footage was analyzed frame-by-frame using Kinovea motion-analysis software. Eleven kinematic variables were examined across the run-up, first-flight, repulsion, and second-flight phases, including run-up speed, hip and bilateral knee angles, hand-contact duration, bilateral elbow angles, second-flight elevation, flight duration, and bilateral knee angles. Descriptive statistics were calculated using means, standard deviations, minimums, maximums, and between-group mean differences. Intra-rater measurement reliability was assessed using ICC(2,1), 95% confidence intervals, SEM, MDC95, and Bland–Altman agreement analysis. Results: The national-level cases demonstrated higher mean run-up speed (7.95 ± 2.62 vs. 7.47 ± 2.23 m/s) and second-flight elevation (2.95 ± 0.03 vs. 2.57 ± 0.21 m). Olympic/international cases demonstrated greater first-flight knee extension, particularly in the right knee (175.17 ± 1.85 vs. 154.75 ± 1.20°), and slightly longer second-flight duration (0.89 ± 0.10 vs. 0.84 ± 0.09 s). All repeated kinematic measurements demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability, with ICC values ranging from 0.997 to 1.000. Conclusions: The findings indicate that vault execution cannot be adequately characterized by a single kinematic variable. The international contribution of this study lies in proposing a phase-integrated video-analysis perspective in which approach velocity, body configuration, table interaction, and second-flight organization are interpreted as interconnected components of vault technique. The findings provide preliminary biomechanical evidence for future standardized and three-dimensional investigations of inter-phase movement coordination.

This study explores immersive virtual reality media to support environmental literacy and analytical skills among elementary school students within the context of zero-emission education. Employing an exploratory design integrating qualitative analysis, descriptive statistics, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), data were collected through interviews, observations, expert evaluations, written feedback, and questionnaires involving three experts and 100 fifth-grade students across eight elementary schools. The results indicate a media feasibility score of 90.34% and a student response score of 81.99%. Specific ratings were 94.05% for content, 91.07% for pedagogy, and 85.71% for media quality. Performance metrics included 85.38% for analytical skills, 83.11% for environmental literacy, 86.89% for media presentation, and 70.81% for practical application. Student experiences were shaped through contextual exploration, environmental change simulations, decision-making, and visual feedback. The media assisted students in identifying problems, tracing cause-and-effect relationships, determining solutions, and drawing conclusions. The assessment prioritized responsible behavior, causal analysis, and solution determination. Successful implementation requires device orientation, simple navigation, clear instructions, and teacher guidance. The study establishes a concept for decision-based immersive environmental learning that emphasizes student agency, environmental consequence evaluation, and the integration of environmental literacy with analytical skills, providing both a theoretical foundation and practical implementation guidelines for schools.