Swami Vivekanand Subharti University is a private university located in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The university was established in September 2008 and has 14 faculties..
Cadmium (Cd), a potent neurotoxic heavy metal, elicits cerebral oxidative disturbances. Alginates are recognized for their chelating properties and their ability to bind with toxic agents and heavy metals. This study is designed to explore the neuroprotective potential of sodium alginate against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-provoked noxious alterations in albino rats. Thirty adult male Albino rats were randomly allocated into five groups, and each group had six animals (n = 6). Group I (control) rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline (10 ml/kg), Group II animals received 200 mg/kg, sodium alginate only, Group III animals were subjected to 5 mg/kg/day CdCl2, i.p., Group IV and V- rats received sodium alginate (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg; i.p.) per day respectively, along with CdCl2 (5 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. Spatial cognition was assessed using the Morris water maze. The cerebral oxidative injury (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-TBARS, superoxide dismutase-SOD), neuronal inflammation (myeloperoxidase, interleukin-6, 10, and tumor necrosis factor-α), neurotransmitters (acetylcholinesterase, dopamine, and serotonin), and neurobiochemical markers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor-BDNF and cAMP response element-binding protein-CREB) were also assessed. The histological changes were also evaluated through H E staining. CdCl2-treated rats exhibited symptoms such as cognitive deficits, along with disturbed antioxidant levels (raised TBARS and declined SOD), increased neuroinflammation, disrupted neurotransmitter levels, and decreased CREB and BDNF concentrations. Sodium alginate treatment alleviated the cognitive deficit and neuroinflammation in CdCl2-treated animals. It also restored the antioxidant level, cerebral function, neurotransmitters, and improved the histoarchitecture of the hippocampus of CdCl2-treated rats. Findings of this study conclude that sodium alginate improved cognitive ability and exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It also regulates neurotransmitters and neurotrophins in the brain; therefore, sodium alginate might have neuroprotective potential against CdCl2-provoked neurotoxic changes.
The anti-glaucoma drug betaxolol hydrochloride (BH) exhibits poor ocular bioavailability due to limited corneal permeability, rapid precorneal loss, short retention time, and lacrimal drainage when administered conventionally. In the present study, a solid–liquid lipid-based nano-ocular carrier (NC) of BH was developed to modulate transcorneal permeability and improve intraocular efficacy. Initially, solid and liquid lipid excipients were screened on the basis of BH solubility, followed by ternary phase behavior analysis in normal saline to identify a one-phase region (OPR). It was processed at a controlled temperature, enabling the transformation of the nano-emulsified system into lipid-based NCs. NCs were fabricated from glyceryl monostearate (X1), tocopherol acetate (X2), and a Tween20/Transcutol mixture (X3). A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to evaluate the effects of formulation variables on particle size (Y1), entrapment efficiency (Y2), and polydispersity index (Y3). Optimized formulations (NC-9, NC-11, and NC-15) exhibited particle sizes in the range of 250–300 nm, high drug entrapment (90
A first-principles study of the structural, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and optical properties of the double perovskite Ca₂GaAsO₆ is presented using density functional theory with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA). Additionally, the Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential is employed to more accurate analysis of the electronic and optical properties. By evaluating the tolerance factor, determining the negative formation energy, and meeting the Born mechanical stability requirements, the thermodynamic and mechanical stability of the cubic phase is verified. High stiffness and isotropic (A = 1.21) mechanical behaviour are revealed by elastic constant analysis, suggesting strong mechanical robustness. Ca₂GaAsO6 is a direct band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 2.61 eV for TB-mBJ and 0.87 eV for PBE-GGA, according to electronic band-structure calculations. Strong ultraviolet absorption is observed in the optical property analysis, consistent with the large band gap. These findings demonstrate the potential of Ca₂GaAsO6 for ultraviolet optoelectronic applications, photodetectors, and UV light-emitting diodes. To fully utilise its technological potential, more synthesis and device-integration experiments are needed.
This study investigates real-time process analysis in friction stir welding (FSW) of 6 mm thick 2050-T84 Al-Cu-Li alloy plates using integrated sensors and data acquisition systems. Three distinct hybrid tool pin profiles were evaluated to assess their influence on weld quality, particularly elongation. Real-time sensor feedback was used to monitor key parameters such as force, temperature, and torque, enabling the detection and correction of process deviations. Among the tools tested, the hybrid pin operating at 1400 rpm and a traverse speed of 4 mm/s yielded the highest tensile strength (404.2 MPa), elongation (7.56%), and joint efficiency (76.4%). This setup also recorded the highest total heat input of 1180 KJ/m, including 330 KJ/m at the pin and 25 KJ/m at the tip. Macro-and microstructural analysis revealed fine equiaxed grains in the stir zone and elongated grains in the thermomechanically affected zone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed ductile fracture features. Overall, the integration of real-time monitoring with optimized tool design significantly enhances weld quality and provides valuable insights for refining FSW process parameters.
This study explores the MnO doping effects on mechanical, non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and luminescence properties of 30SiO2-50B2O3-(20-x)Li2O-xMnO (where, x = 4, 6, 8, and 10 mol%) glasses produced by melting and quenching method. Makishima-Mackenzie (MMR) and Rocherulle (RM) models are used to study the mechanical properties of the prepared glass samples. The FTIR spectra confirm the presence of different structural units of borate and silicate in the prepared glass samples. The Kissinger and Augis-Bennett models are used to study the activation energies (Eg, Er, and Ec) of the prepared glasses. The substitution of Li2O with MnO is responsible for weakening the glass network, and, consequently, glass with the highest doping of MnO (LM-10, 10 mol%) exhibits lowest network rigidity. Glass with the lowest doping of MnO (LM-4, 4 mol%) exhibits the highest activation energy (Eg) for crystallization. While glass with the highest doping of MnO (LM-10, 10 mol%) exhibits the lowest activation energy (Eg) of crystallization. The fragility index shows a decreasing trend with MnO doping and heating rates, while thermal stability shows an increasing trend with increasing MnO doping. The value of correlated colour temperature lies between 1692 and 1712 K and confirms that the MnO-doped borosilicate glasses predominantly emit in the bluish-pink region, highlighting their potential utility in photonics applications.
