Taki Government College is a public undergraduate college with about 6,000(Regular) & 3000 (Casual) students located in Taki, West Bengal, India. The full-time professors of the college are appointed by the Government of West Bengal according to the recommendation specified by the University Grants Commission (India).
Two new post-synthetically functionalised (PSF) [2]rotaxanes (ROTb and ROTc) having tertiary amide groups are synthesised and characterised using 1D, various 2D-NMR, and variable temperature NMR spectroscopy. To synthesise ROTb and ROTc, an amino-ether macrocycle based [2]rotaxane (ROT) is used as a precursor. Attachment of tertiary amide functionalities via post synthetic functionalization of ROT results rotamer-induced dynamic nature in PSF [2]rotaxanes via the formation of various conformers/co-conformers. Additionally, comparative rotamer-induced kinetic properties of ROTb and ROTc along with a previously reported PSF interlocked molecule (ROTa) are demonstrated.1 The NMR spectroscopic investigation shows that with systematic variation of the bulkiness of the substituents attached to tertiary amide groups appended in the post-synthetically functionalised rotaxanes (ROTa, ROTb, ROTc), the number of conformers/co-conformers are changing. The present comparative study establishes that, with small methyl group appended to amide in the PSF rotaxane (ROTa) shows existence of large number of conformers. Whereas, increasing the bulkiness from methyl group to tertiary butyl group in PSF rotaxane (ROTc), NMR studies show that ROTc does not show any readable kinetic nature which is due to the restricted tertiary amide bond rotation. However, the aryl group appended PSF rotaxane (ROTb) shows the existence of conformers in between ROTa and ROTb via 1H-NMR studies. ROTa and ROTb show readable rotmer-induced dynamic nature, whereas, ROTc remains silent due to attachment of bulky tertiary butyl groupswith tertiary amides.
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are the metabolites obtained from polyunsaturated fatty acids, playing crucial roles in biotic stress responses and ecological interactions. These compounds include six-carbon (C6) saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, alcohols and keto compounds derived from linoleic acid (C18:2n6) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3). These compounds are produced through lipoxygenase-mediated hydroperoxygenation of the fatty acids and their cleavage by hydroperoxide lyase. The generation of C6 volatiles is triggered by damage from pathogens or herbivores at the affected site. GLVs serve as a direct defence mechanism against microbes and fungal pathogens, and also provide systemic defence by upregulating defence-related genes at distal, undamaged sites. Additionally, GLVs mediate indirect defence responses through complex ecological interactions. Volatiles emitted by a damaged plant can signal neighbouring plants to initiate pre-defence mechanisms, known as plant-talk or eavesdropping. Herbivore-induced volatiles also facilitate indirect defence through tri-trophic interactions by attracting natural enemies of herbivores, thereby minimizing herbivore-induced damage. This review aims to highlight the production of GLVs and their physiological and ecological significance.
In this paper, a new class of nonconvex vector optimization problems is considered. The concepts of E-B-pseudoinvexity and E-B-quasiinvexity are introduced for E-differentiable functions. Then, the sufficiency of the so-called E-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions is established for the considered E-differentiable vector optimization problems under (generalized) E-B-invexity. To illustrate the aforesaid results, an example of a nonsmooth vector programming problem with E-differentiable functions is given. For problem is defined, and several E-dual theorems are established under (generalized) E-Binvexity hypotheses.
Anisothecium spirale (Mitt.) Broth., an epiphytic moss of Family- Dicranaceae, is profoundly distributed in the Darjeeling hill region. The volatile metabolites from the headspace of the gametophytic plant parts were extracted by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) followed by their analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The volatile profile constituted twenty-six compounds, belonging to monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acid-derived oxylipins. The predominant metabolite was a monoterpene, α-pinene, which contributed 43.3
In this paper, we consider a set-valued fractional minimax programming problem (abbreviated as SVFMPP) (MFP), in which both the objective and constraint maps are set-valued. We use the concept of higher-order α-cone arcwisely connectivity, introduced by Das [1], as a generalization of higher-order cone arcwisely connected set-valued maps. We explore the higher-order Mond-Weir (MWD) form of duality based on the supposition of higher-order α-cone arcwisely connectivity and prove the associated higher-order converse, strong, and weak theorems of duality between the primary (MFP) and the analogous dual problem (MWD).
