Tamil Nadu Open University (TNOU) is an Indian institution for open and distance learning established by the government of Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded in 2002 and is based in Chennai.The university was established by the Legislative Assembly of the government of Tamil Nadu in Act 27 of 2002 to provide access to higher education for those who had been previously unable to pursue it. It opened in 2003, was recognized by the University Grants Commission in September 2015, and is one of five universities approved to offer distance learning outside its state of establishment. As of January 2016[update] it was one of 14 state open universities in India, which also has one national open university, Indira Gandhi National Open University; as of April 2017[update] it was one of 111 distance learning institutions in the country. As of December 2017[update] it offers 113 programmes of study at levels from certificate to post graduate and has 13 academic schools, five support divisions, a media centre and more than 600 learner support centres across Tamil Nadu.Students are admitted under two admission cycles, calendar year (January to December) and academic year (July to June). They include those living in remote and rural areas, working people, handicapped students, housewives and retirees such as a 67-year-old woman who later completed an MA in history with Madras University, and prisoners.
By combining the Levy-Flight Whale Optimization Algorithm (Levy-WOA) with a time-oriented latency approximation-based data encryption scheme (TLADE), this study offers a novel method of improving cloud security. The main goal is to minimize the effects of delay while achieving safe data transmission in cloud environments. The suggested technique chooses the best encryption method for every data packet by dynamically estimating network transmission delays at predetermined timestamps. The system adjusts its encryption levels to balance security robustness and efficiency by evaluating real-time performance indicators including latency, throughput, and traffic. Levy-WOA uses Levy flying patterns in conjunction with a swarm intelligence mechanism inspired by whale foraging behavior to improve the global search capabilities and optimize the selection process. By effectively adjusting encryption parameters, our hybrid optimization ensures low latency without sacrificing security. Because the system is adaptive, it may react to shifting network conditions by choosing stronger encryption levels when security issues are identified and lighter encryption techniques during times of high traffic. In comparison to current methods, experimental evaluations show that the suggested TLADE method, led by Levy-WOA, dramatically lowers encryption and decryption latency while keeping a high security standard. With this hybrid approach, cloud systems’ overall Quality of Service is improved, guaranteeing safe, low-latency data transfer appropriate for real-time applications. The method provides a scalable, effective way to deal with the dual problems of low latency and data security in dynamic cloud environments.
Lanthanum vanadate (LaVO4) nanoparticles and PANI-LaVO4 nanocomposites with varying LaVO4 loadings (2, 4 and 6 wt%) were synthesized and systematically investigated for supercapacitor applications. XRD confirmed the monoclinic crystal structure of LaVO4, while FESEM and EDX analyses revealed uniform incorporation of nanoparticles within the PANI matrix. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the PANI-LaVO4 2 wt% nanocomposite exhibited superior capacitive performance, delivering a high specific capacitance of 1013 F g(-1) at 2 A g(-1) with excellent cycling stability (> 95% retention after 2000 cycles). To harness this performance, an asymmetric supercapacitor device (ASC) was fabricated using PANI-LaVO4 (2 wt%) as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, achieving a specific capacitance of 546 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1). The device exhibited outstanding stability with 90% capacitive retention after 2000 cycles, alongside an energy density of 75 Wh kg(-1) and a maximum power density of 8.3 kW kg(-1). These findings highlight the promising potential of PANI-LaVO4 nanocomposites, particularly at optimized loading for superior electrochemical storage technologies.
Nickel ferrite (NF), lanthanum oxide-loaded nickel ferrite (LaNF) and lanthanum-loaded nickel ferrite impregnated with graphitic carbon nitride (LaNF-GCN-1, LaNF-GCN-2) were synthesised via a facile Hydrothermal-wet impregnation route using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a templating agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to analyse nanocomposites, confirming their formation and revealing structural, morphological, elemental, and optical properties. Photo-catalytic performance was evaluated through Methylene blue (MB) and Amaranth (AM) dye degradation using a UV light source by tuning factors such as catalyst type, pH level, initial dye concentration, and catalyst dosage. LaNF-GCN-2 achieved 92.52% MB degradation (k = 0.0147 min-1) at optimised conditions (0.25 g dose, pH 8) and achieved 95.38% AM dye degradation (k = 0.0202 min-1) at optimised conditions (0.25 g dose, pH 4) both following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Mechanistic studies indicated that photogenerated holes were primarily responsible for degradation, as shown by reduced activity in the presence of EDTA. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency results from synergistic effects between GCN and LaNF displayed acombined performance establishes LaNF-GCN-2 as an effective and durable photocatalyst for wastewater treatment via organic dye degradation.
The proliferation of social media platforms has transformed the landscape of consumer-brand interactions, making digital engagement a critical factor influencing consumer purchase intentions. This research examines the impact of social media branding strategies on consumer behavior, focusing on the mechanisms by which digital engagement promotes brand awareness, loyalty, and purchase propensity. By analyzing a combination of survey responses from 500 active social media users and performance metrics from leading consumer brands across various sectors, including retail, technology, and lifestyle, the study explores the relationship between content quality, brand interactivity, user-generated engagement, and promotional strategies on consumer decision-making. The findings indicate that high levels of digital engagement manifested through likes, shares, comments, and active participation in brand communities significantly enhance consumers’ emotional connection with brands, translating into increased purchase intentions and repeat purchase behavior. The research further reveals that the effectiveness of engagement strategies varies depending on content relevance, personalization, and the credibility of brand messaging, highlighting the importance of targeted and interactive communication in digital marketing. Quantitative analysis using regression models confirms that both direct engagement activities (e.g., responding to comments, personalized messages) and indirect engagement measures (e.g., user-generated content, brand advocacy by peers) are positively correlated with purchase intentions, with interaction effects demonstrating that the combination of authentic brand storytelling and responsive engagement produces the strongest impact. Additionally, demographic variables such as age, social media usage frequency, and prior brand experience were found to moderate the relationship between engagement and purchase intention, underscoring the need for tailored social media strategies. Case study insights from top-performing brands illustrate how systematic measurement of engagement metrics, coupled with adaptive content strategies, enables organizations to optimize marketing ROI and foster sustained consumer relationships. Overall, the study provides compelling evidence that digital engagement is not merely a peripheral marketing tactic but a central driver of consumer purchase behavior, offering actionable insights for marketers aiming to leverage social media platforms effectively to strengthen brand presence, enhance customer loyalty, and drive sales growth.
Rapid technological shifts, digital transformation, and evolving employer expectations are forcing higher education to build stronger bridges to professional practice. Academia has long prioritized discipline-specific knowledge, theoretical foundations, and scholastic achievement. Today’s workplaces, however, demand far more: graduates must apply what they know in unfamiliar settings, tackle ambiguous problems, communicate clearly, collaborate across disciplines, leverage digital tools, and continuously adapt to shifting market demands. Industry-integrated skill education offers a compelling model for aligning academic study with real-world work. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding how industry integration prepares graduates for the future of work. Grounded in experiential learning theory, human capital theory, social learning theory, employability frameworks, and work-integrated learning, the paper synthesizes these perspectives to define the core mechanisms of meaningful industry–academia collaboration focusing on conceptual design rather than empirical measurement. From this theoretical synthesis emerges the Industry-Integrated Future-Ready Graduate (I-FRG) Framework, structured around six interconnected dimensions: Industry-responsive curriculum, Experiential learning, Technical and digital proficiency, Transferable human skills, Professional exposure, Lifelong learning and adaptability Under this framework, future-readiness is defined as a multidimensional capacity combining practical application, professional competence, cross-functional collaboration, adaptability, innovation, and continuous personal growth. Finally, the paper argues that industry integration must extend well beyond traditional internships or campus recruiting. True integration demands a systematic partnership across curriculum design, skill identification, mentorship, real-world project work, authentic assessment, and career coaching. The I-FRG Framework provides a foundation for universities to modernize graduate preparation without compromising higher education's broader intellectual, ethical, and civic missions. As a conceptual model, the framework provides a foundation for future empirical research and validation.
