Cancer is a leading cause of fatality worldwide, and current therapies often lack specificity and cause burdensome toxic manifestations. Nanomedicines show great promise in cancer therapy, with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) offering strong potential for both treatment and bioimaging due to their unique properties. Efficient uptake, favorable biocompatibility and biodistribution, surface functionalization, controllable photoluminescence, and prolonged release profile make them promising for cancer therapy. GQD-mediated drug delivery shows promise against diverse cancer types via targeted drug release, photothermal ablation, pHresponsive delivery, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These state-of-the-art carbon-based nanostructures have the potential to revolutionize the landscape of cancer therapeutics. This article reviews the expanding role of GQDs in anticancer drug delivery. It further provides a glimpse into relevant theranostic applications. It further attempts to summarize current challenges and regulatory perspectives regarding GQDs in anticancer theranostics.
Abiotic stressors such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity pose significant threats to global agricultural productivity. This review examines the diverse ways in which abiotic stress factors impact plant growth and survival. Also, it explores the emerging role of nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing plant resilience and sustainability under such adverse conditions. Nanoparticles—owing to their unique physicochemical properties, high surface-to-volume ratio, and nanoscale dimensions—offer innovative solutions for improving nutrient uptake, water-use efficiency, and stress tolerance in plants. It highlights how various NPs (e.g., TiO₂, ZnO, Fe₃O₄) modulate stress-responsive pathways, including the activation of antioxidant enzymes and hormonal regulation, to mitigate oxidative damage and enhance photosynthetic efficiency. While the benefits of nanoparticle applications are promising, this article also addresses potential risks, including environmental accumulation, microbial toxicity, and genotoxicity. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for regulated, sustainable use of nanotechnology in agriculture and calls for further interdisciplinary research to optimise nanoparticle formulations and application strategies for climate-resilient farming.
Cancer remains a major global health challenge. Natural compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, genistein, thymoquinone, and paclitaxel, show chemopreventive activity by modulating signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and p53. These agents also promote apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA repair. However, their clinical use is restricted by poor solubility, instability, and low bioavailability. Nanotechnology offers solutions by improving stability, enhancing pharmacokinetics, and enabling targeted delivery. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and albumin-bound systems amplify the anticancer effects of natural compounds. Preclinical studies confirm improved efficacy, while early clinical trials reveal both promise and barriers. The key translational challenges include immune clearance, large-scale reproducibility, and regulatory approval. This review highlights the synergy between nanotechnology and natural compounds in cancer chemoprevention and outlines opportunities for future research.
This article proposes an analytical solution of the magneto-elastic coupling effect on the dispersion of longitudinal waves in a magnetize isotropic elastic solid containing three co-linear cracks. The dispersion effect of three co-linear Griffith cracks located in a homogeneous infinite isotropic medium due to the influence of magnetic field is formulated as a mixed boundary value problem (MBVP). The MBVP have been transformed to a set of integral equations introducing Abel’s transform which have further been simplified using perturbation method for low frequency by concerning the iterative expansion of Bessel’s and Hankel’s functions. The converted integral equations have been solved by Hilbert transformation and Cooke Results. The semi-analytical expressions of crack opening displacement and stress intensity factors have been derived related to low frequency waves. Numerical outcomes of crack opening displacement and stress intensity factors for several crack lengths with the presence of magnetic field have been computed and presented graphically to exhibit the influence of magnetization. Some special cases have been discussed.
The proposed paradigm offers a conversational AI solution to the management of Wireless Sensor Networks in the framework of smart agri-ecology, even though there are unresolved challenges in network lifetime and security and energy management. By using conversational AI at the sink level in dynamic sensor node selection, duty cycling, and anomaly resolution, this solution overcomes the requirement for complex mathematical modeling at sensor nodes. It achieves this by the combined solution of a paradigm-shifting sensor reconfiguration strategy against attacks on sensor nodes and a risk aware network energy management strategy coping with both the network security issues and the energy efficiency. This solution ensures robustness to dynamic traffic and adversarial events with minor impact on the energy of the sensors, contrary to the current solutions relying on static heuristics. Simulation results demonstrate the improvement of network security and network sustainability of about 20
