Abiotic stressors such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity pose significant threats to global agricultural productivity. This review examines the diverse ways in which abiotic stress factors impact plant growth and survival. Also, it explores the emerging role of nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing plant resilience and sustainability under such adverse conditions. Nanoparticles—owing to their unique physicochemical properties, high surface-to-volume ratio, and nanoscale dimensions—offer innovative solutions for improving nutrient uptake, water-use efficiency, and stress tolerance in plants. It highlights how various NPs (e.g., TiO₂, ZnO, Fe₃O₄) modulate stress-responsive pathways, including the activation of antioxidant enzymes and hormonal regulation, to mitigate oxidative damage and enhance photosynthetic efficiency. While the benefits of nanoparticle applications are promising, this article also addresses potential risks, including environmental accumulation, microbial toxicity, and genotoxicity. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for regulated, sustainable use of nanotechnology in agriculture and calls for further interdisciplinary research to optimise nanoparticle formulations and application strategies for climate-resilient farming.
Cancer remains a major global health challenge. Natural compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, genistein, thymoquinone, and paclitaxel, show chemopreventive activity by modulating signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and p53. These agents also promote apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA repair. However, their clinical use is restricted by poor solubility, instability, and low bioavailability. Nanotechnology offers solutions by improving stability, enhancing pharmacokinetics, and enabling targeted delivery. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and albumin-bound systems amplify the anticancer effects of natural compounds. Preclinical studies confirm improved efficacy, while early clinical trials reveal both promise and barriers. The key translational challenges include immune clearance, large-scale reproducibility, and regulatory approval. This review highlights the synergy between nanotechnology and natural compounds in cancer chemoprevention and outlines opportunities for future research.
This article proposes an analytical solution of the magneto-elastic coupling effect on the dispersion of longitudinal waves in a magnetize isotropic elastic solid containing three co-linear cracks. The dispersion effect of three co-linear Griffith cracks located in a homogeneous infinite isotropic medium due to the influence of magnetic field is formulated as a mixed boundary value problem (MBVP). The MBVP have been transformed to a set of integral equations introducing Abel’s transform which have further been simplified using perturbation method for low frequency by concerning the iterative expansion of Bessel’s and Hankel’s functions. The converted integral equations have been solved by Hilbert transformation and Cooke Results. The semi-analytical expressions of crack opening displacement and stress intensity factors have been derived related to low frequency waves. Numerical outcomes of crack opening displacement and stress intensity factors for several crack lengths with the presence of magnetic field have been computed and presented graphically to exhibit the influence of magnetization. Some special cases have been discussed.
The proposed paradigm offers a conversational AI solution to the management of Wireless Sensor Networks in the framework of smart agri-ecology, even though there are unresolved challenges in network lifetime and security and energy management. By using conversational AI at the sink level in dynamic sensor node selection, duty cycling, and anomaly resolution, this solution overcomes the requirement for complex mathematical modeling at sensor nodes. It achieves this by the combined solution of a paradigm-shifting sensor reconfiguration strategy against attacks on sensor nodes and a risk aware network energy management strategy coping with both the network security issues and the energy efficiency. This solution ensures robustness to dynamic traffic and adversarial events with minor impact on the energy of the sensors, contrary to the current solutions relying on static heuristics. Simulation results demonstrate the improvement of network security and network sustainability of about 20
Nanoparticles are emerging as powerful tools for addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), offering innovative strategies that surpass the limitations of conventional antibiotics. Their unique physicochemical properties such as high surface area, tunable size, and adaptable surface chemistry enable effective and selective interactions with microbial cells. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, including zinc, titanium, gold, and silver, have demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against a broad range of pathogens, including multidrug-resistant species.These nanoparticles operate through multiple mechanisms, such as membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, enzyme inhibition, and nucleic acid damage, which collectively reduce the likelihood of microbial resistance. Their broad applicability has led to advancements in antimicrobial coatings, wound dressings, water purification, personal protective equipment, and environmental disinfection technologies.Despite their promise, challenges remain regarding toxicity, environmental accumulation, stability, and large-scale manufacturing. Additionally, standardized safety protocols and regulatory guidelines are still evolving. Continued interdisciplinary research is essential to enhance biocompatibility, reduce ecological risks, and enable scalable production.Takentogether, nanoparticles represent a promising frontier for strengthening global antimicrobial strategies, provided that scientific, environmental, and regulatory challenges are addressed systematically.
