Atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid arteries is an important cause of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), the development of cognitive impairment, as well as disability of the population. One of the main indications for the invasive treatment of this disease is the degree of carotid artery stenosis. Therefore, the most important diagnostic problem is to determine the severity of stenosis as accurately as possible. The accuracy of determining carotid artery stenosis according to ultrasound is from 70% to 90%. Aim: to compare the data of duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries performed at the FNKC of the FMBA of Russia and other instrumental diagnostic methods to accurately determine the percentage of carotid artery stenosis, as well as to analyze the reasons for the discrepancy between the data obtained. Methods. The study was based on a retrospective analysis of the case histories of patients hospitalized in the Department of Vascular Surgery in the period from 05/01/2023 to 05/20/2024. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica software package version 10.0 (StatSoft). Results. When analyzing the causes of discrepancies in the assessment of the degree of stenosis according to the results of DS and CT, several groups can be distinguished: "Human factor" (operator dependence) - 30.4%, anatomical factor - 23.2%, differences in descriptions - 46.4%. Conclusions. A well-known disadvantage of ultrasound diagnostics is the dependence of the results of the study on the operator, which can lead to differences in the interpretation of the data obtained not only between several specialists, but even with repeated examinations by the same specialist. Neither DS BCA nor BCA can be a method of choice, because none of them gives an absolute match with the data of the AG.
Landscape therapy and climatotherapy are two of the most conservative methods of restoring patients' lost health. Solutions to the existing problems in this area have recently been suggested by introducing new highly effective rehabilitation methods. However, this approach has limitations, which calls attention to conservative rehabilitation methods with a reassessment of their importance and a shift of the emphasis towards an evidence-based medicine. The review provides information on the action mechanisms of landscape therapy and climatotherapy and presents a number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) confirming the effectiveness of these rehabilitation methods. The expediency of supplementing the existing rehabilitation programs with a balneotherapy course is shown and the need for additional RCTs to study the effectiveness of landscape therapy, aerotherapy, heliotherapy, thalassotherapy, and speleotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients is given.
Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of disability and incapacity for work. One of the consequences of cerebral ischemia in older adults is discirculatory encephalopathy. This article examines the clinical and functional data of 22 patients with discirculatory encephalopathy who arrived for treatment from low-altitude regions of the republic. The aim of the work: to study the adaptive capabilities of patients with discirculatory encephalopathy undergoing inpatient rehabilitation treatment in mid-mountain conditions. A rehabilitation complex combining methods of hardware physiotherapy, therapeutic gymnastics, and neuropsychological exercises was developed and applied. The work shows that the use of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment for patients with discirculatory encephalopathy in mid-mountain conditions had a positive effect on the body: cognitive functions and quality of life improved, social activity and psycho-emotional self-esteem increased.
From 2021 to 2024, the Department of Orthopedics at the Kyrgyz Research Institute of Balneology and Rehabilitation performed surgical treatment on 120 patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. Postoperatively, 42.6% of patients experienced complete pain relief, with the achieved effect persisting in the long-term follow-up. Significantly severe pain persisted in 3.3% of patients. The study showed that modern surgical methods, including anterior spondylodesis and microdiscectomy, improve substantially treatment outcomes compared to traditional methods. Early rehabilitation using individual programs facilitates rapid patient recovery. The introduction of anterior stabilizing implants made from porous nickel-titanium significantly improved spinal stability and reduced recurrence risk. A comprehensive approach, including surgical intervention, medication therapy, and rehabilitation programs, has shown high effectiveness. Medical rehabilitation, utilizing therapeutic physical training and other physiotherapy methods, played a key role in strengthening muscles and reducing pain syndrome. However, the necessity for further research and improving treatment methods remains relevant for enhancing outcomes in complex cases.
Modern medicine has achieved substantial progress in the treatment of diseases previously considered incurable. In this regard, a serious problem is posed for academia, i.e., to restore patients’ lost health. One of the medical technologies contributing to a pos- sible solution to this problem is hyperbaric oxygenation. This treatment method has been used in medicine for a long time and is considered one of the most effective means for patients’ treatment and rehabilitation within complex therapy. The literature review presents historical aspects of the development and implementation of hyperbaric oxygenation, mechanisms of its therapeutic effect, and the equipment it needs as well as provides updated data on its indications, contraindications, safety, and effectiveness.
