Introduction. Controlling microclimates in the cabin of mobile energy vehicles is an important factor for ensuring operator comfort and productivity. Failure to conform to the microclimate standard values, resulting from uneven heat input from the cab enclosing surfaces and outside can negatively impact the operator health and performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an adaptive algorithm of climate control system operation for forecasting the changes in heat input into the cabin and preadjusting cooling capacity. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at developing an adaptive algorithm for the climate control system operation in the cabins of mobile energy vehicles. Materials and Methods. The theoretical analysis of heat balance formation was used to study the creating process of microclimate conditions in the cabins of mobile energy vehicles, including the dependence of temperature changes in the tractor cabin. There was also used an experimental method involved temperature measurements in the cabin of a T-150K tractor. The exponential smoothing method was used as a forecasting method in the cabins of mobile energy vehicles. Results. As a result of the study, an adaptive algorithm for climate control system has been developed. There has been found an equation for forecasting the air temperature and cooling capacity of a climate control system. An adaptive algorithm for the operation of a climate control system using the exponential smoothing method has been theoretically substantiated and tested in practice. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed adaptive algorithm makes it possible to predict temperature changes in the range of one minute, while the discrepancy between theoretical and experimental values is 2%. When forecasting changes in the cooling capacity of the climate control system, the discrepancy between theoretical and experimental values was 5%. The theoretical basis of the algorithm includes a heat balance equation using the exponential smoothing method to forecast cabin air temperature. An experimental test carried out in the T-150K tractor showed a low prediction error that allows the use of an adaptive algorithm for the operation of climate control systems.
Введение.Одной из ведущих проблем здравоохранения в настоящее время остается ВИЧ-инфекция, при которой поражаются Т-клетки иммунной системы, вследствие чего нарушается иммунный ответ организма, а при отсутствии своевременного лечения формируется синдром приобретенного иммунодефицита (СПИД). Бессимптомное течение заболевания обусловливает проблему поздней диагностики ВИЧ-инфекции, решение которой требует разработки и внедрения в рутинную практику эффективных скрининговых методов.Цель исследования— проанализировать эпидемиологическую обстановку по ВИЧ-инфекции в регионе за 2023–2024 гг., рассмотреть проблему поздней диагностики заболевания и возможные методы ее решения.Материалы и методы.Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных пораженности, заболеваемости, выявляемости ВИЧ-инфекции среди населения Тверской области.Результаты.Согласно проведенному анализу, в Тверской области постепенно растет охват тестируемого населения на ВИЧ-инфекцию, а также увеличивается доля пациентов, получающих антиретровирусную терапию. Однако продолжает возрастать общая пораженность инфекцией населения, а доля пациентов, у которых ВИЧ-инфекция была выявлена в стадии вторичных проявлений, указывает на проблему поздней диагностики заболевания в регионе. Как итог, ухудшается индивидуальный прогноз для пациента, а также появляются скрытые источники инфекции. На основании анализа выявлена необходимость улучшения системы диагностики ВИЧ-инфекции, что может быть достигнуто благодаря проведению активных санитарно-просветительских мероприятий среди населения, а также расширению применения скрининговых методов.Заключение.Основным сдерживающим фактором в противодействии ВИЧ-инфекции является поздняя диагностика заболевания, что говорит о необходимости внедрения в рутинную практику активного и повсеместного тестирования на заболевание всего взрослого населения. Introduction.One of the leading health problems at the moment remains HIV infection, in which T-cells of the immune system are affected, resulting in a disruption of the body’s immune response, and in the absence of timely treatment, the formation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The asymptomatic course of the disease causes the problem of late diagnosis of HIV infection, the solution of which requires the development and implementation of effective screening methods in routine practice.The aim of the study—to analyze the epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the region for 2023–2024, to consider the problem of late diagnosis of the disease and possible methods of its solution.Materials and methods.Retrospective analysis of data on the prevalence, incidence, and detection of HIV infection among the population of the Tver region.Results.According to the analysis, the coverage of the tested population for HIV infection is gradually increasing in the Tver region, and the proportion of patients receiving ARV therapy is also increasing. However, the overall prevalence of infection among the population continues to increase, and the proportion of patients with HIV infection detected at the stage of secondary manifestations indicates the problem of late diagnosis of the disease in the region. As a result, the individual prognosis for patients worsens, and hidden sources of infection emerge. Based on the analysis, there is a need to improve the system of diagnosing HIV infection, which can be achieved through active public health education and the expansion of screening methods.Conclusion.The main obstacle to combating HIV infection is the late diagnosis of the disease, which highlights the need for active and widespread testing of the entire adult population.
The purpose of the research is to assess the economic efficiency of the production of bakery products enriched with powders from recycled phytomaterials and to make recommendations for reducing their cost. The scientific work was carried out in 2024-2025 on the basis of the Tver State Agricultural Academy. The economic assessment of the production of products was carried out taking into account the calculation of current wholesale prices for raw materials, the cost of resources, services and other items. As a result, the economic efficiency of bakery products enriched with powdered products from secondary plant resources (cakes) of raspberries, sea buckthorn, strawberries, carrots, beets, pumpkins, jerusalem artichokes, apples, pears and cherries in a ratio of 90% (wheat flour) was calculated : 10% (phytopowder). It has been established that the cost of introducing enriching additives into the formulation schemes of wheat bread is usually compensated by the higher selling price of the manufactured products, formed in particular due to the growth of competitive and consumer characteristics of products due to a functional increase in their nutritional value and improved sensory properties. The profitability of the production of functional wheat bread ranges on average from 66 to 84%. An effective way to optimize the cost structure of raw materials in the production of enriched products is to create our own laboratory and production site for powdered products from recycled phytochemicals, which is on average 6-7 times cheaper than ready-made powders. The organization of the site also makes it possible to ensure the uninterrupted supply of technological lines with materials and significantly increase the ability to maneuver the product range. The amount of capital investments in the creation of the site will be about 1333 thousand rubles. The results of this work can be successfully used by enterprises of the bakery and food industries, as well as public catering, to expand the range of products and optimize the cost structure of baked goods.
The problem of assessing the quality of the educational process is one of the key issues in the activities of an educational organization. Its relevance is determined by the growing complexity of the tasks solved at the educational institution. To monitor quality, regular monitoring of all components of the educational process is carried out. This verification is carried out by external governing bodies, the educational organization itself, and experts. State accreditation is of the greatest importance in assessing the activities of a university. To successfully pass it, the educational organization must prepare thoroughly. To do this, it is necessary to assess the risks associated with passing the accreditation. The most convenient way to assess the risks is through mathematical modeling. The impact of numerous different, hard‑to‑control factors on the quality indicators of the educational process determines the stochastic nature of these indicators. This necessitates the use of probabilities of meeting the standard indicators. The probability values are determined with the help of expert specialists. The aim of this article is to build a mathematical model of accreditation based on Bayesian estimation. To achieve this aim, accreditation indicators have been identified, alternative hypotheses have been put forward, and a method for calculating the posterior probabilities of the hypotheses has been presented. Bayesian risks based on regret coefficients are used to make a decision about the possibility of undergoing accreditation. To illustrate the developed method, a specific numerical example is examined. The developed model can be used not only to evaluate an educational institution but also to determine the quality of operation of other organizational management institutions.
Пельгеровская аномалия – наследственная аутосомно-доминантная, доброкачественная аномалия гранулоцитов, приводящая к морфологическим изменениям ядра, а именно нарушениям его сегментации. Целью данной работы является анализ аномалии Пельгера – Хюэта на примере клинического случая. В результате анализа истории болезни и анамнеза жизни пациента можно говорить о проблеме нехватки опыта у медицинских работников по изучаемой проблеме, в связи с чем непосредственный диагноз был выставлен ребенку только в шестилетнем возрасте. Пельгеровская аномалия требует ранней верификации с целью информирования пациента и его родителей о возможных изменениях в клиническом анализе крови, в связи с возможностью неправильной оценки на ее фоне другой патологии, которая может нести в себе угрозу для жизни и здоровья. Pelger anomaly is a hereditary, autosomal dominant, benign granulocyte abnormality resulting in morphological changes in the nucleus, specifically disruption of its segmentation. The aim of the article is to analyze Pelger – Huette anomaly using a clinical case as an example. The analysis of the patient’s medical history and personal history reveals a lack of experience among healthcare professionals in this area, which is why the child was not diagnosed until the age of six. Pelger anomaly requires early verification to inform patients and their parents about possible changes in clinical blood tests, as this can lead to misdiagnosis of other pathologies that could pose a threat to life and health.
