The paper considers the application of the RRHO and RRAO models (rigid rotor–harmonic oscillator and rigid rotor–anharmonic oscillator) to the calculations of thermodynamic functions ( H^∘ (T) - H^∘ (0) , Φ ^∘ (T) , etc.) of amino acids in the ideal gas state using valine as an example, taking into account internal hindered rotations. The dependence of thermodynamic functions on the number of conformers included in the ensemble is studied. It has been established that the RRHO approximation, when limited to only the main conformer, can be used to quickly estimate the high-temperature components of enthalpy when recalculating the enthalpy of sublimation, obtained according to the second law of thermodynamics, from the experimental temperature to 298.15 K. It has been shown that reliable determination of the enthalpy of sublimation according to the third law of thermodynamics with the least error requires very resource-intensive calculations according to the RRAO model taking into account internal rotations. A compromise option that provides an enthalpy error of 3–4
Aim: to present clinical guidelines describing the clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and histological characteristics of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and to provide information support for decision-making on diagnosis, prognosis assessment and choice of management tactics for patients with AIG.Key points. AIG is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies to parietal cells and/or intrinsic factor, in which inflammation and atrophy are limited to the gastric mucosa, functionally manifesting as hypo- and achlorhydria. There is evidence of an increase in the incidence of AIG worldwide. AIG is often associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (up to 40 % of cases), type 1 diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Data on laboratory diagnostic methods, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and histological examination of biopsies are presented, with an analysis of the endoscopic and histological picture typical of AIG. When AIG is combined with H. pylori infection, eradication therapy is recommended. In addition to symptomatic treatment and treatment of anemia, long-term rebamipide therapy is recommended to potentiate the protective properties of the gastric mucosa. Endoscopic monitoring of patients with AIG is recommended at intervals of once every 3 years.
Aim. To assess the associations of regional living conditions with the probability of hypertension (HTN), disease awareness, pharmacotherapy, and blood pressure monitoring in the elderly population, taking into account comorbidity. Material and methods. The analysis utilized individual data obtained from the ESSE-RF3 cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted between 2020 and 2022. Regional living conditions were assessed using socio-geographic, demographic, economic, and production and environmental indices. The "Comorbidity of Patients with Noncommunicable Diseases in General Practice: Eurasian Guidelines" document was used to assess comorbid conditions. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations, calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. In the sample with comorbid conditions, the HTN probability is associated with an increase in the Demographic Index (OR 1,37; 95% CI: 1,21-1,57). An increase in the Economic Index is associated with a decrease in HTN awareness (OR 0,68; 95% CI: 0,54-0,86). A decrease in pharmacotherapy is associated with an increase in the Production and Environmental Index (OR 0,91; 95% CI: 0,82-1,00). Improvement in blood pressure monitoring is observed with an increase in the SocioGeographical Index (OR 1,21; 95% CI: 1,11-1,32). In a sample without comorbidity, the HTN probability is associated with an increase in the Socio-Geographical Index (OR 1,24; 95% CI: 1,16-1,33), Demographic Index (OR 1,12; 95% CI: 1,04-1,21), and Production and Environmental Index (OR 1,08; 95% CI: 1,02-1,14). Higher awareness is observed with an increase in the Socio-Geographical Index (OR 1,29; 95% CI: 1,121,49). Improved blood pressure monitoring is noted with an increase in the Socio-Geographical Index (OR 1,17; 95% CI: 1,02-1,33). Conclusion. Regional living conditions are associated with the probability, awareness, pharmacotherapy, and monitoring of HTN in the elderly population.
In developed countries, the mean paternal age is steadily rising and has approached 31–33 years, whereas an universally accepted threshold for advanced paternal age (APA) has yet to be established. Aim: to systematize current evidence on the mechanisms of male reproductive aging and its consequences for fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and offspring health. Male reproductive aging is a gradual, but consistent process: androgen function declines, semen parameters deteriorate, de novo mutations accumulate, and epigenetic alterations, oxidative stress, and sperm DNA fragmentation increase. Metabolic factors — obesity, metabolic syndrome, androgen deficiency, and dyslipidemia — amplify age related effects while remaining modifiable. Advanced paternal age is associated with reduced fecundity and lower effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies, as well as a moderate increase in the risks of miscarriage, congenital malformations, and neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring; however, absolute risks remain low, and the findings of a number of studies are conflicting. Postponed fatherhood also has objective advantages including the socioeconomic stability of the family and better educational outcomes in children. Balanced preconception counseling, assessment and correction of comorbid conditions in older men are warranted; the development of unified approaches to define the APA threshold and manage this patient population remains a priority. KEYWORDS: advanced paternal age, male reproductive aging, male fertility, sperm DNA fragmentation, de novo mutations, epigenetics, oxidative stress, androgen deficiency, obesity, glucagonlike peptide1 receptor agonists ( GLP1 RAs), assisted reproductive technologies, miscarriage, offspring health. FOR CITATION: Bogolyubov S.V., Astakhova A.V., Artamonov A.A., Vityazeva I.I., Shibaev A.N. Advanced paternal age: from mechanisms of male reproductive aging to offspring health. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2026;10(9):714–730 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2026- 10-9-16
Aim . To study the impact of hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis location on global left ventricular myocardial strain in patients with moderate pretest probability (PTP) of coronary artery disease (CAD). Material and methods . The study included 79 patients with moderate PTP of CAD (median age, 62,0 years; men, 52) who underwent stress echocardiography followed by invasive coronary angiography within 2 months. After stress echocardiography, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global postsystolic index (GPSI) were determined using speckle‑tracking echocardiography. Hemodynamically significant coronary stenoses were detected in 53 patients, including stenosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in 23 patients, left circumflex (LCx) artery in 16 patients, and right coronary artery (RCA) in 14 patients. Results . In patients with coronary stenosis, median GLS values were lower than in patients without stenosis at rest (18,8 vs 21,9%, p=0,0003) and after exercise (20,3 vs 24,3%, p=0,0001). Median GPSI values were higher in stenosis than without it (at rest 2,94 vs 1,62%, p=0,0091, after exercise 7,88 vs 1,35%, p<0,0001). The resting GLS values for LAD, LCx, and RCA stenosis were 18,4%, 18,5%, and 20,0% (p=0,0008), while after exercise they were 16,9%, 21,1%, and 24,3% (p<0,0001), respectively. The corresponding resting GPSI values were 2,88%, 5,18%, and 2,77% (p=0,0126), while after exercise they were 8,24%, 7,85%, and 4,59% (p<0,0001), respectively. In RCA stenosis, the resting and post‑exercise GLS values and the resting GPSI value did not differ significantly from those in patients without coronary stenosis. Conclusion . In patients with moderate pretest probability (PTP) of CAD, global left ventricular myocardial strain depends not only on the presence of hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis but also on its location. The most pronounced decrease in GLS and increase in GPSI are observed with LAD stenosis, while the least pronounced increase is observed with RCA stenosis.
