The PJSC United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) (Russian: Объединённая авиастроительная корпорация, tr. Obyedinyonnaya Aviastroitelnaya Korporatsiya (OAK)) is a Russian aerospace and defense corporation. With a majority stake belonging to the Russian Government, it consolidates Russian private and state-owned aircraft manufacturing companies and assets engaged in the manufacture, design and sale of military, civilian, transport, and unmanned aircraft. Its headquarters are in Krasnoselsky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow.Many of the corporation's assets are located in various regions in Russia, with joint-ventures with foreign partners in Italy, India and China.
The fungal plant pathogen Sphaerulina musiva (Ascomycota) causes Septoria stem canker, the most economically damaging disease of Populus plantations in North America, yet the genetic determinants of host resistance remain uncharacterized in hybrid poplar. Using an inoculation experiment with the 52-124 pseudo-backcross family of Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides (TD × D) hybrid poplar, a single significant QTL was identified on Chromosome 16 (LOD = 4.93) associated with both stem canker count and disease severity score. Transcriptomic analysis of two resistant and two susceptible genotypes across a 72-hour infection time course identified a single differentially expressed gene within the QTL candidate gene window: Podel.16G125900, a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein (LRR-RLP) with homology to receptor-like protein 33 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Podel.16G125900 is located 3001 bp (0.019 cM) upstream of the QTL peak and showed a strong infection-induced upregulation in susceptible genotype 852 (log2 fold-change = 20.47) and higher baseline expression in resistant genotypes relative to susceptible genotypes across all infection time points, consistent with a resistance mechanism in which expression level contributes to the degree of resistance conferred. Two P. trichocarpa homologs were not differentially expressed and differ substantially in sequence content, suggesting the resistance function is specific to the resistant P. deltoides lineage. These findings identify Podel.16G125900 as a strong candidate gene underlying quantitative resistance mechanisms modulating Septoria stem canker resistance in the 52-124 family of TD × D hybrid poplar and provide a target for future functional validation and marker-assisted resistance breeding.
Computational dynamic models are developed during design stage of aircraft. These models are used for preliminary assessment of structural load levels and controllability of spacecraft in orbit. They are also necessary to ensure structural strength and aeroelastic stability of aerospace vehicles. The computational models, which are built on technical documentation, are updated through ground-based verification of spacecraft and experimental modal analysis of aircraft. Methods for updating computational models are divided into stochastic and deterministic ones. In the present work the problem of obtaining input data for the deterministic updating method is solved. The method minimizes the objective function defined as the sum of squared differences between experimental and computational data. It is assumed that the computational dynamic model of aircraft is based on the free vibration equations. That is why inertia and stiffness matrices are to be updated based on experimental data, such as generalized masses and natural frequencies. Since damping forces are not included in the free vibration equations, a monophase oscillation method is used for ground vibration testing. That method does not require prior identification of the dissipative properties of the dynamic system and allows independent determination of the mass–stiffness characteristics of the test object, regardless of damping properties. Test modes for determination of eigenfrequencies, eigenmodes and generalized masses are described. The reliability of experimentally determined modal parameters has been investigated in order to determine their applicability as target parameters for modal updating. The errors in modal results caused by random measurement errors of vibration amplitudes and by the interaction of modes with closely spaced natural frequencies have been evaluated. It is noted that errors in determining natural frequencies using the phase resonance method are an order of magnitude lower than errors in measuring vibration amplitudes. At the same time, errors in estimating generalized masses using known methods are an order of magnitude higher than those in natural frequencies. The interaction of modes with closely spaced natural frequencies demonstrates itself in shifts of phase resonance frequencies and errors in determining generalized masses. For example, errors in estimating natural frequencies using phase resonance do not exceed 1 % over a wide range of parameters for closely spaced modes. Meanwhile, determining generalized masses with an error of 5% is only possible within a narrow range of these parameters. As a result of the conducted research, it has been established that the reliability of experimental estimation of natural frequencies justifies their use as parameters of the objective function for updating the stiffness matrix of the computational model. At the same time, updating the inertia matrix developed at the design stage is impractical due to the large errors in estimating generalized masses.
В настоящей статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы формирования основных направлений повышения эффективности стратегий экономики гражданской̆ защиты в условиях современных глобальных рисков. В результате исследований выявлены новые угрозы и факторы формирования рисков с разными по тяжести последствиями. Проведен анализ основных проблем мирового масштаба и оценка глобальных рисков в сфере экономики гражданской защиты в условиях современных глобальных рисков. Предложены направления и механизмы повышения экономического потенциала системы предотвращения кризисных ситуаций. Сформированы рекомендации по увеличению потенциала экономического обеспечения предотвращения кризисных ситуаций. Разработаны предложения по проведению превентивных первоочередных мероприятий структурных изменений и темпов экономического развития в условиях санкций. Определены мероприятия по стратегическому планированию экономического развития с учетом влияния глобальных факторов. Обоснована необходимость государственной поддержки приоритетных направлений экономического развития за счет бюджетного финансирования. Результаты исследования могут быть применены учеными, экспертами и специалистами при формировании перспективных направлений развития национальной экономики на основе прогнозов воздействия на человечество современных глобальных рисков. This article discusses the current issues of forming the main directions for improving the efficiency of civil protection strategies in the context of modern global risks. As a result of the research, new threats and factors have been identified that contribute to the formation of risks with varying degrees of severity. The article analyzes the main global issues and assesses the global risks in the field of civil protection in the context of modern global risks. The authors propose directions and mechanisms for increasing the economic potential of the crisis prevention system. The article also provides recommendations for increasing the economic potential for crisis prevention. Proposals have been developed for preventive priority measures for structural changes and economic development rates in the context of sanctions. Measures have been identified for strategic planning of economic development, taking into account the influence of global factors. The necessity of state support of priority directions of economic development at the expense of budget financing is substantiated. The results of the research can be applied by scientists, experts and specialists in the formation of perspective directions of development of the national economy on the basis of forecasts of impact of modern global risks on mankind.
