This article explores the emotional and psychological burden carried by literary genius in modern Sudanese writing, through the works and tragic lives of four highly gifted figures: Abdel Rahim Abu Zikra, Moawya Mohammad Nur, alTijani Yusuf Bashir, and Idris Jamma’ whose paths ended in collapse, silence or early death. By interpreting their poetry, prose and personal histories against the political and cultural pressures of colonial and post-independence in Sudan, the article traces how exceptional intellectual sensitivity collided with exile, ideological fracture and the absence of sustained institutional support. Forces that proved pivotal in shaping their arduous journeys and were instrumental to their tragic outcomes. Rather than treating suffering as a romantic or inevitable feature of creativity, the discussion situates these lives within wider patterns of cultural dislocation and national disillusionment. Through textual engagement and historical reflection, the article foregrounds the human cost of literary production in contexts where belonging, stability, and fulfilment remained persistently out of reach.
The purpose of this article is, firstly, to compare and classify the different signal extraction methods empirically according to their optimality. Secondly, to apply these methods to anti-cyclical economic policy. For this purpose this article is built from five sections. In Sect. 1 we propose a criterion of optimality and a calculation algorithm which will make it possible to calculate the said criterion for all the statistical series and to compare the results. Section 2 analyzes the following three points. Firstly we present the database that will be used by the previous algorithm. Secondly we make the comparisons between the series after having calculated the different standard deviations of the residuals estimated by all the competing methods. After this the algorithm determines the optimal method within the meaning of the criterion that we have defined. Thirdly we propose a principal component analysis, in order to study the different correspondences and similarities between all the methods. This approach, as we will see, will lead to the designation of groups of methods that have correlations or contradictions. This last result will allow a classification of the groups of methods according to their performance and their degree of similarity. The Sect. 3 proposes to study the usefulness of these methods for short-term economic policy in general. This section ends by underlining their necessity for the Moroccan case. Section 4 analyse and discuss the result of different tests used. Section 5 summarizes the results and important conclusions.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) is an emerging technology that aims to establish direct, real-time communication between the brain and external devices such as computers, robots, artificial limbs, and wheelchairs. With BCI, these devices are controlled by brain activity, sending and receiving signals from the brain. BCI has revolutionized and positively impacted several industries, including healthcare and medicine, entertainment and gaming, automation and control, education, virtual reality, and many more. This chapter highlights the potential of BCI to transform healthcare and discusses the challenges, benefits, and other applications. The study also highlights the issues and limitations to widespread adoption of BCI, including ethical concerns about privacy and data security. In addition, future developments in BCI are also discussed in this chapter.
