Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and is increasingly recognized as the outcome of complex host–microbe interactions. Beyond established genetic and environmental drivers, the gut microbiome has emerged as a causal and mechanistic contributor to CRC initiation, progression, and therapy response. This review synthesizes current molecular, ecological, and translational evidence to explain how gut microbial communities reprogram immune, metabolic, neural, and endocrine networks within the tumor microenvironment. CRC-associated dysbiosis is characterized by enrichment of pathobionts such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, pks⁺ Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and by loss of protective, short-chain-fatty-acid-producing commensals. These microbes promote carcinogenesis through genotoxin-induced DNA damage, epithelial barrier disruption, metabolic rewiring, and chronic inflammation that collectively sustain immune suppression and tumor growth. Defined mutational signatures from bacterial metabolites, including colibactin, cytolethal distending toxin, and indolimines, now directly link microbial exposures to human cancer genomes. By integrating these findings, this review conceptualizes CRC as a biofilm-structured, microbiome-driven ecosystem disease, where polymicrobial consortia coordinate barrier breakdown, immune evasion, and metabolic cooperation. Finally, we highlight emerging microbiota-targeted strategies, including dietary modulation, pre- and probiotics, postbiotics, bacteriophage therapy, engineered live biotherapeutics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, that translate these insights into precision prevention and therapy. Through this integrative framework, the review aims to reposition the microbiome from a correlative feature to a tractable determinant of CRC pathogenesis and treatment response.
Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) are known as technological platforms that manage energy efficiency and sustainability in buildings. These technologies integrate control of heating, cooling, lighting, and other services, making optimum use of these resources. As governments worldwide prioritize energy efficiency, often through policies that encourage reduced consumption, BEMS have become increasingly important to achieve these goals. In this paper, the authors perform research on BEMS focused on improving energy efficiency in buildings. While earlier reviews have covered parts of this topic, our analysis uncovers several gaps in the literature that suggest promising lines of inquiry for future work on BEMS, addressing their technologies employed to improve energy efficiency. Additionally, this research discusses how recent breakthroughs, like artificial intelligence and machine learning, are creating fresh opportunities for innovation in BEMS design. Although these technologies expand what today’s systems can do, they also introduce new research challenges that must be addressed. This review’s goal is to build a strong foundation for the next generation of smarter, more sustainable control systems in BEMS.
This article is devoted to the mathematical study of a new Navier-Stokes-alpha model with a nonlinear filter equation. For a given indicator function, this filter equation was first considered by W. Layton, G. Rebholz, and C. Trenchea in [Modular Nonlinear Filter Stabilization of Methods for Higher Reynolds Numbers Flow, J. Math. Fluid Mech. 14: 325-354 (2012)] to select eddies for damping based on the understanding of how nonlinearity acts in real flow problems. Numerically, this nonlinear filter equation was applied to the nonlinear term in the Navier-Stokes equations to provide a precise analysis of numerical diffusion and error estimates. Mathematically, the resulting alpha-model is described by a doubly nonlinear parabolic-elliptic coupled system. We therefore undertake the first theoretical study of this system by considering periodic boundary conditions in the spatial variable. Specifically, we address the existence and uniqueness of weak Leray-type solutions, their rigorous convergence to weak Leray solutions of the classical Navier-Stokes equations, and their long-time dynamics through the concept of the global attractor and some upper bounds for its fractal dimension. Handling the nonlinear filter equation together with the well-known nonlinear transport term makes certain estimates delicate, particularly when deriving upper bounds on the fractal dimension. For the latter, we adapt techniques developed for hyperbolic-type equations.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition that affects multiple domains, including sleep quality, body composition and physical function (PF). A bibliometric analysis was performed using traditional bibliometric laws. A search was conducted in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database on FM syndrome and PF. A total of 447 publications (388 articles and 59 reviews) were identified. Annual publications output showed an exponential growth trend from 1994 to 2013 (R2 = 0.88), followed by a phase of stabilization or slower growth from 2014 to 2023 (R2 = 0.48). The United States was the most productive country worldwide. D. Clauw and D. Buskila were highlighted as the prolific and prominent co-authors. The Journal of Rheumatology and Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology were the journals with the highest number of publications. Keywords and Keywords Plus® revealed thematic clusters related to FM symptoms, mental health, the impact of FM and cognitive behavior. Research on FM and PF appears to have entered a stabilisation phase after a period of exponential growth until 2013. Researchers in the United States and Spain lead global production. Clustering the Keywords revealed a progressive evolution from general health and assessment terms towards multidimensional approaches addressing the physical, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of FM. These clusters highlight the evolving scientific focus on symptoms, therapies, and the impact of the disease.
Padel is a rapidly growing racket sport worldwide. As its popularity increases, there is a need to better understand padel-related injuries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of injuries in amateur padel players. A Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in padel players in southern Chile, aged 18 years or older who competed in amateur padel leagues. Data were collected through an online self-report survey between August 2023 and December 2023. Socio-demographic characteristics and padel-related injuries in the previous six months were requested. A sample of 364 amateurs padel players (age 37.4 ± 9.2 years, 63
