Antifragility challenges conventional thinking by proposing that adversity is not merely to be survived but actively used to promote growth. This scoping review synthesizes 18 emerging research studies focused on antifragility in human systems across disciplines, distinguishing antifragility from resilience and robustness and highlighting key empirical gaps, particularly in psychological research. During the screening process, articles were categorized as human or non-human systems. Non-human systems (n = 29; e.g., robotics, logistics, information systems, urban planning, artificial intelligence) were excluded from synthesis to align with the review's focus on human domains (e.g., psychology, leadership, coaching, health). Drawing from biology, psychology, and organizational studies, the review summarizes applications in mental health, performance, and quality of life. Findings emphasize the proactive nature of antifragility, in which stressors are intentionally engaged to strengthen capabilities. Biological concepts like hormesis and psychological frameworks such as post-traumatic growth align with mechanisms relevant to growth through adversity. Yet empirical studies remain scarce, underscoring the need for robust measurement tools and longitudinal designs. Future directions include refining antifragility as a state, trait, or process, developing dose-specific models, and exploring biopsychosocial correlates. Embracing antifragility could transform how individuals and systems confront challenge, not by resisting breakdown, but by evolving beyond it.
The rapid growth of ride-hailing platforms has fundamentally altered urban mobility patterns, creating new competitive dynamics with established public transit systems. This study examines modal preferences using trip-level behavioral data from Santiago, Chile, combining smart card transactions and ride-hailing records to understand how travelers trade off service attributes. Our analysis employs econometric models that address endogeneity in both crowding levels and dynamic pricing through instrumental variables. Results demonstrate that passenger density significantly amplifies travel time disutility, with crowding effects substantially higher than previous stated preference estimates suggest. In this regard, the presence of a premium mobility alternative increases commuters’ aversion to crowded conditions. These findings have significant policy implications, as they suggest that in contexts where premium mobility alternatives are available or emerging, capacity planning based on traditional crowding valuations may be inadequate for contemporary urban environments and could result in insufficient public transportation provision.
One of the principal components of substance use treatment is the assessment of craving, as it is highly associated with relapse after treatment. The Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief) has emerged as a commonly used tool in the field, relevant in a context like South America, where cocaine and cocaine base paste (CBP) consumption are critical public health issues. This study aimed to validate the CCQ-Brief in a Chilean sample, exploring for the first time its applicability in both cocaine and CBP use. Adults in substance use treatment (N = 439, 71,3
Zusammenfassung Der Ständige Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG) gibt jährlich Empfehlungen zu Reiseimpfungen. Diese Empfehlungen werden von unabhängigen Experten erstellt. Sie umfassen international verpflichtende sowie länderspezifische und gefährdungsbasierte Impfstrategien. Sie dienen als Entscheidungshilfe für medizinisches Fachpersonal und berücksichtigen Empfehlungen u. a. der WHO, des ECDC, der STIKO und nationaler Gesundheitsbehörden.
BACKGROUND:Critical Incidents (CI) during clinical practice offer valuable insights into medical students' experiences of stress, gaps in the teaching process, psychological safety, and systemic issues within healthcare. This study explored the elements that students identified as CIs during their clinical internships during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. METHODS:This qualitative study involved voluntary participation from 24 final-year medical interns. Researchers collected data through documentary analysis of CI narratives from learning portfolios and two focus groups. The research team performed a reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS:Analysis yielded 22 definitive codes, grouped into nine subthemes and three themes: types of CIs, influencing factors, and personal impact on interns. Most CIs were unrelated to COVID-19 itself and triggered by complex biopsychosocial cases involving ethical dilemmas, questionable or unacceptable behaviors of healthcare personnel, and emotionally charged situations. Some CI related to the human relationship between interns and supervisors, between the health team, or in communication with patients and their families. Interns' reflections focused on their professional role, ethics, communication, and self-care. Most adaptations described were self-directed due to limited faculty involvement. DISCUSSION:CI analysis allows interns to reflect on their roles and envision improvements for future practice. The primary emotions associated with CI were predominantly negative, and their adaptations were self-directed. One important topic to address is whether faculty are available and prepared to support interns, or whether they may themselves be contributors to CIs. These findings suggest the need for structured faculty support to improve psychological safety and reflective learning during internships.
