The Universidad del Salvador (USAL) is a Jesuit university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In addition to its campus in downtown Buenos Aires, it has instructional and research facilities in Pilar, San Miguel, Bahía Blanca, and in the provinces of Santa Cruz and Misiones. As of 2012, approximately 20,000 undergraduate and over 8,000 graduate students were enrolled.
Importance:The incidence and risk (predictive) factors for early life food allergy development remain uncertain. Objective:To estimate the incidence and quantify risk factors for food allergy development. Data Sources:MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched to January 1, 2025. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2025, to November 25, 2025. Study Selection:Incidence estimates included studies confirming food allergy via food challenge. Risk factor analyses included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in any language assessing children younger than 6 years using multivariable analyses. Data Extraction and Synthesis:Paired reviewers independently extracted data. Random-effects meta-analyses pooled incidence and adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIPS tool, and certainty of evidence assessed using GRADE. Main Outcome and Measure:The primary outcome was food allergy to age 6 years. Results:A total of 190 studies involving 2.8 million participants across 40 countries were analyzed. Among studies using food challenge, overall food allergy incidence was likely 4.7% (moderate certainty). Among 176 studies identifying 342 risk factors with varying certainty, the strongest and most certain factors included prior allergic conditions (eg, atopic dermatitis [eczema] within the first year of life [OR, 3.88; risk difference [RD], 12.0%; 95% CI, 8.8%-15.7%], allergic rhinitis [OR, 3.39; RD, 10.1%; 95% CI, 6.7%-14.4%], and wheeze [OR, 2.11; RD, 5.0%; 95% CI, 2.1%-8.8%]), severity of atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.22; RD, 1.0%; 95% CI, 0.6%-1.6%), increased skin transepidermal water loss (OR, 3.36; RD, 10.0%; 95% CI, 6.3%-14.8%), filaggrin gene sequence variations (OR, 1.93; RD, 4.2%; 95% CI, 2.4%-6.4%), delayed solid food introduction (eg, peanut after age 12 months [OR, 2.55; RD, 6.8%; 95% CI, 1.9%-14.6%]), infant antibiotic use (first month [OR, 4.11; RD, 12.8%; 95% CI, 0.4%-40%], first year [OR, 1.39; RD, 1.8%; 95% CI, 0.8%-3.1%], during pregnancy [OR, 1.32; RD, 1.5%; 95% CI, 0.6%-2.5%]), male sex (OR, 1.24; RD, 1.1%; 95% CI, 0.7%-1.6%), firstborn child (OR, 1.13; RD, 0.6%; 95% CI, 0.3%-1.0%), family history of food allergy (eg, mother [OR, 1.98; RD, 4.4%; 95% CI, 2.5%-6.8%], father [OR, 1.69; RD, 3.2%; 95% CI, 1.3%-5.5%], both parents [OR, 2.07; RD, 4.8%; 95% CI, 1.3%-5.5%], siblings [OR, 2.36; RD, 6.0%; 95% CI, 4.4%-8.0%]), parental migration (OR, 3.28; RD, 9.7%; 95% CI, 4.9%-16.3%), self-identification as Black (vs White [OR, 3.93; RD, 12.1%; 95% CI, 5.2%-22.5%], vs non-Hispanic White [OR, 2.23; RD, 5.5%; 95% CI, 3.0%-8.7%]), and cesarean delivery (OR, 1.16; RD, 1.0%; 95% CI, 0.3%-1.2%). Factors like low birth weight, postterm birth, maternal diet, and stress during pregnancy showed no significant risk difference. Conclusions and Relevance:In this meta-analysis, the most credible risk factors associated with development of childhood food allergy are a combination of major and minor risk factors, including early allergic conditions (atopic march/diathesis), delayed allergen introduction, genetics, antibiotic exposure, demographic factors, and birth-related variables.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the neuropsychological performance of euthymic bipolar patients with (CIS) and without suicide attempts (SIS), relative to healthy controls (HC). METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 31 patients (CIS n=15; SIS n=16) and 46 independent HC. The battery comprised RAVLT, Rey Complex Figure, WAIS-III Digit Span, TMT-A/B, WCST, Stroop, and COWAT-FAS. CIS–SIS comparisons were conducted with Student’s t tests; CIS/SIS vs HC with Welch’s t tests; two-tailed p values uncorrected for multiplicity. RESULTS:CIS and SIS showed broadly similar performance in episodic memory, forward working memory, Stroop, and verbal fluency; the only significant between-patient difference was a lower number of WCST categories in CIS. Compared with HC, both groups performed worse on verbal memory (RAVLT) and showed slowing on TMT-B. However, a differential pattern emerged: CIS displayed additional deficits in TMT-A and backward digits, whereas SIS did not differ from HC in these tests. Overall, CIS showed significant impairment relative to HC in three of four measures (RAVLT, TMT-A, and backward digits), while SIS differed in two (RAVLT and TMT-B). CONCLUSIONS:Direct CIS–SIS differences were modest (only WCST categories), but contrasts with controls revealed partially distinct profiles. The findings suggest that deficits in processing speed and working memory may be more pronounced in patients with a history of suicide attempts. These results should be interpreted as exploratory, and replication in larger samples and longitudinal designs is warranted.
This article analyzes Jean-Luc Marion's appropriation and interpretation of Martin Heidegger's thought within the phenomenology of Givenness. It argues that Marion not only adopts Heideggerian concepts but also inverts and repurposes them within his own theoretical framework to transcend them. To understand this operation, the study turns to the notion of doubling which Marion develops from Pascal’s reading of Descartes. Key concepts such as affective disposition, facticity, and anticipatory resolutness are examined to demonstrate how Marion reinterprets them within his own phenomenology. Ultimately, the article concludes that Marion surpasses Heidegger through a strategy of critical appropriation that doubles and subverts his philosophy.
Fusarium species are increasingly recognised as important components of grass‐based forage systems due to their ecological versatility, dual lifestyles, and ability to produce mycotoxins harmful to livestock. Although historically underexplored in pastures, growing evidence reveals their presence in both cultivated forage grasses and natural grasslands, raising concerns about forage quality, pasture establishment and persistence, feed safety, and the role of these systems as reservoirs of pathogenic and/or toxigenic fungi. This review synthesises global knowledge on the occurrence, ecological functions, and toxigenic potential of Fusarium species in these systems. It begins with a conceptual overview of key traits, including taxonomy, pathogenicity, endophytism, inoculum sources, and mycotoxin production, which are essential to understanding their behaviour in diverse environments. We then compile and compare global reports of Fusarium detection in cultivated forage grasses and natural grasslands, highlighting species diversity, distribution patterns, and host associations. Based on this evidence, we discuss available management strategies and, where specific tools are lacking, propose context‐adapted approaches informed by knowledge from more extensively studied cropping systems. Finally, we identify critical knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to support early detection, risk assessment, and sustainable management. By integrating biological, ecological, and applied perspectives, this review aims to enhance the sustainability of forage production and safeguard both animal and human health.
La brucelosis canina es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica, transmisible y zoonótica, causada por Brucella canis, bacteria de características rugosas que carece de cadena O en su lipopolisacárido. Es responsable de cuantiosas pérdidas económicas en criaderos produciendo abortos, infertilidad y descarte prematuro de reproductores infectados. En la provincia de San Luis, Argentina, no existen estudios de seroprevalencia en criaderos y resultan escasos aquellos referidos a poblaciones caninas en general. En este trabajo, se muestrearon 30 reproductores, tanto machos como hembras, de dos criaderos de la ciudad de San Luis durante los meses de abril y mayo de 2024, realizando en primera instancia la prueba de tamizaje de antígeno buffereado en placa (BPA) para descartar la presencia de serorreactores a cepas lisas de Brucella, confirmando luego, mediante ELISA Indirecto (I-ELISA) la presencia de animales infectados por B. canis. De los 30 reproductores muestreados, no hubo serorreactores a BPA, mientras que 5 de ellos resultaron positivos a I-ELISA, arrojando una seroprevalencia del 16,6%.
