Reliable high-rate frequency measurements are essential for power-system monitoring, protection, and control, yet telemetry pipelines often contain random losses, burst dropouts, and sensor-failure intervals. This study presents a diagnostic framework for evaluating physics-constrained reconstruction of missing system-frequency samples, rather than a claim of universal superiority over interpolation-based methods. The algorithmic component is an adaptive boundary-regularized ADMM formulation that combines observed-sample fidelity, total-variation regularization, an ODE-inspired dynamic-consistency penalty, and a local boundary-anchor term computed only from observed data. Experiments use public Great Britain 1 Hz system-frequency data and a reproducible HPC workflow. The evaluation compares linear interpolation, shape-preserving cubic interpolation, tuned Kalman smoothing, fixed physics-ADMM, and adaptive boundary-regularized ADMM under fixed block missingness, random independent losses, variable burst gaps, mixed missingness, long sensor-failure outages, and observed-sample noise. Results show that fixed physics-ADMM over-smooths short-to-medium gaps, increasing missing-only RMSE from 7.95 mHz for linear interpolation to 51.49 mHz. Adaptive boundary regularization reduces the fixed-model RMSE to 8.18 mHz, decreases normalized spectral error from 0.0437 to 0.00138, and lowers proxy-control error from 0.0539 to 0.00886. A synthetic graph-coupled multi-stream proof-of-concept reduces RMSE from 8.18 to 6.90 mHz, but this result is interpreted only as preliminary evidence of the potential value of spatial redundancy, not as real multi-bus PMU validation. The study concludes that physical constraints can help only when locally calibrated and, preferably, supported by multi-stream redundancy; otherwise, simple interpolation remains preferable for routine short gaps.
Climate change is reshaping global viticulture, and Latin America—characterised by highly diverse climates and uneven scientific and technological capacities—faces differentiated adaptation pressures. This systematic review synthesises peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 across Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay, and Brazil. Using the PRISMA methodology, 43 articles were identified and classified into four adaptation pathways: (1) vineyard expansion into new areas, (2) adaptive agronomic management, (3) protection against extreme climate events, and (4) technological innovation and climate monitoring systems. Results show that, although all four pathways are represented, scientific evidence is strongly dominated by agronomic strategies such as irrigation optimisation, canopy and phenology management, soil conservation, biodiversity enhancement, and the use of drought-tolerant rootstocks or microbial bioinputs. In contrast, key non-agronomic dimensions—including economic feasibility, territorial planning, governance arrangements, and ecosystem-based approaches—remain underexplored, limiting the development of integrated and scalable adaptation frameworks. Spatial expansion toward higher elevations and cooler latitudes is advancing in several regions but is constrained by water availability, frost risk, and insufficient territorial assessments. Technological innovation, particularly climate monitoring and decision-support tools, is progressing rapidly, although accessibility gaps persist for small and medium-scale producers. Overall, this review highlights a critical research gap and underscores the need for territorially grounded, interdisciplinary adaptation strategies that integrate agronomic, socio-economic, and institutional dimensions.
Cheese whey permeate (CWP), a lactose-rich effluent obtained after whey protein recovery, is commonly regarded as a low-value by-product. Nevertheless, its high lactose content makes it a promising yet underexploited substrate for bioprocess development. Within the framework of modern integrated biorefineries, the non-conventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus has attracted notable interest due to its efficient lactose metabolism and its suitability as a microbial cell factory for industrial applications. This review provides a systematic assessment of current knowledge on CWP conversion by K. marxianus, highlighting its potential role as a niche feedstock within circular bioeconomy strategies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was applied to identify relevant studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science reporting the conversion of CWP into ethanol, organic acids, aroma compounds, bioactive molecules, and single-cell proteins. Although ethanol production is the most mature and scalable valorisation pathway, alternative routes remain fragmented and insufficiently explored, due to limited and heterogenous nature of available literature. This scarcity underscores the need for structured and systematic evaluations capable of consolidating existing evidence and identifying critical knowledge gaps. Overall, the findings indicate that CWP should not be considered a mere waste stream, but a versatile bioresource for bioprocess development. K. marxianus is a robust microbial platform for converting CWP into a broad spectrum of value-added products. Using a PRISMA-based approach, this review provides a rigorous framework for benchmarking current processes and guiding the future optimisation of cascading biorefinery strategies integrating CWP within advanced circular bioeconomy models.
Amazon rainforests face intensifying water stress due to increases in vapour pressure deficit and changing hydrological regimes. Embolism resistance (Ψ50) is a critical metric of tree survival under drought conditions, it is defined as a plant's capacity to resist disruption of xylem water flow due to air bubble formation from water stress. However, measurements of Ψ50 are only available for a limited number of Amazon locations and species. Conversely, data on forest taxonomic composition are abundant across Amazonia, and if Ψ50 is conserved phylogenetically, these data could provide a way to scale-up drought resistance patterns. Here we evaluate Ψ50 measurements across non-flooded Amazonian tree taxa and reveal a moderate phylogenetic signal, with phylogenetic conservatism evident at the family-level. Notably, Fabaceae is amongst the most embolism-resistant tree families in Amazonia. Leveraging the phylogenetic signal we use species composition and tree size data from 448 forest plots across Amazonia to produce a macroecological assessment of Amazonian vulnerability to embolism. The resulting estimate spatial pattern reveals that forests in the Brazilian and Guiana Shield regions, where Fabaceae abundance is high, show strong resistance to embolism. In contrast, tree communities in Western Amazonia appear more vulnerable to embolism, suggesting a reduced capacity to withstand future drought conditions.
Los sistemas agroforestales amazónicos integran componentes agrícolas y forestales que contribuyen a la sostenibilidad productiva y a la conservación de la biodiversidad. El objetivo del estudio fue proponer una estrategia de rehabilitación ecológica para la finca Yana Rumi mediante la caracterización del sistema agroforestal chakra y la evaluación estructural del bosque secundario asociado. La investigación se desarrolló en la parroquia Madre Tierra, cantón Mera, provincia de Pastaza (Ecuador). Se aplicó un enfoque descriptivo basado en diagnóstico productivo participativo y evaluación florística. Para el análisis del bosque secundario se establecieron cuatro parcelas de 10 × 10 m bajo muestreo estratificado, donde se registraron especies arbóreas, abundancia y diámetro a 1.30 m. Se calcularon los índices de diversidad de Shannon, Simpson y el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI). El sistema chakra evidenció limitaciones edáficas asociadas a drenaje deficiente y procesos de acidificación que afectaron cultivos tradicionales. El bosque secundario presentó baja diversidad (H’ promedio = 0,280) y dominancia estructural de Apeiba membranacea y Piptocoma discolor. La estrategia de rehabilitación propuesta incluyó diversificación agrícola con Carica papaya L., Ananas comosus (L.) Merr e Hibiscus sabdariffa L., incorporación de fertilización orgánica y enriquecimiento forestal con especies multipropósito. Los resultados indican que la integración de prácticas agroecológicas y enriquecimiento forestal puede mejorar la resiliencia ecológica y la funcionalidad productiva del sistema agroforestal.
