IntroductionUniversity dropout remains a persistent challenge in higher education, reflecting structural tensions between inclusivity, student retention, and educational equity. Rather than approaching dropout as a simple aggregation of causes, this study adopts a comprehensive perspective that integrates academic, economic, and psychosocial dimensions, emphasizing their interaction with institutional contexts and responses.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Nineteen empirical studies were selected and analyzed to identify the main determinants of university dropout, as well as the institutional strategies and theoretical models used to understand and prevent student attrition. Data were synthesized through a comparative and thematic analysis, focusing on the frequency and articulation of determinants across studies.ResultsThe analysis indicates that motivation (73.7%), academic performance (57.9%), and financial hardship (31.6%) are the most recurrent determinants of dropout. Psychosocial factors, particularly emotional well-being and social integration, also show a substantial influence on student retention. In terms of institutional responses, predictive analytics, early warning systems, and comprehensive student support programs emerge as the most effective strategies for identifying at-risk students and reducing dropout rates.DiscussionCompared with prior reviews, the findings reveal limited theoretical integration and methodological consistency, as most studies focus on isolated variables without adequately linking them to broader institutional frameworks. The evidence highlights the need for multidimensional and theoretically grounded approaches that connect academic, economic, and psychosocial factors with coordinated institutional action. Such frameworks are essential for strengthening student retention strategies and advancing equity in higher education.
Although certain factors limit students’ scientific production, one such factor, i.e., teacher authoritarianism during the preparation of research papers, has received little attention to date. Objective: To design and validate the Perceptions of Teacher Authoritarianism in Research Scale (PTARS). This research took the form of an instrumental study, in which 816 students and graduates from state and private universities located in the three regions of Peru participated voluntarily. The process by which the scale was constructed involved 10 stages, and the initial version of the scale consisted of 20 items. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis, exploratory factorial analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), alongside tests of measurement invariance and reliability. The re-specification of the exploratory three-factor model, excluding items 7, 8, and 11 due to factorial complexity, significantly improved the fit indices. This was reflected in a reduction of the RMSEA from 0.274 to 0.067 and an increase of the CFI to 0.997. Subsequently, in the confirmatory factor analysis, the final 10-item model (Model 5) demonstrated excellent fit (χ² = 47.81, RMSEA = 0.02) and high internal consistency (ω ≥ 0.90 for all factors). In the invariance analysis, the configural model showed no differences exceeding the established cut-off points (ΔRMSEA < .015; ΔCFI ≤ .010), supporting the stability of the model across different gender groups. This study represents an important step in the process of evaluating teacher authoritarianism during the preparation of research papers; therefore, the PTARS serves as a tool that, according to the results of this research, is both valid and reliable.
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic shifted sports training to virtual formats, impacting athletes’ motivation, well-being, and mental health. In this context, motivational climate, self-determined motivation, mindfulness, and burnout are key factors for understanding adolescents’ psychological adjustment in football.MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional design, with all variables collected at a single time point during mandatory virtual training. This cross-sectional study surveyed 154 adolescent football players (M = 15.9 years) from a Peruvian professional academy during mandatory virtual training. Participants completed the EDMCQ-C, SMS, MAAS-5, and ABQ. A psychological network analysis was performed in R using non-regularized partial correlations and bootstrapped stability estimates.ResultsAn empowering climate was positively associated with intrinsic motivation and mindfulness, whereas a disempowering climate was linked to extrinsic motivation and burnout. Extrinsic motivation emerged as the most central node in the network, and mindfulness functioned as a bridging node that buffered the spread of demotivation toward exhaustion. The model showed adequate stability (CS = 0.44).ConclusionEmpowering motivational climates and mindfulness protect adolescents’ psychological wellbeing, whereas controlling coaching and extrinsic motivation heighten the risk of burnout. These findings support incorporating autonomy-supportive coaching and brief mindfulness practices in youth sport training and coach education programs.
Introduction: Alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor for hypertension (HTN), a prevalent condition that substantially affects cardiovascular health. In Peru, where various traditional alcoholic beverages exist, the relationship between alcohol consumption and HTN has not been fully explored. Objective: To determine the association between different patterns of alcohol consumption, types of beverages, and various types of HTN. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study utilized data from the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (2018-2023), including 236,243 adults (55.95% male; mean age: 41.06 years). General HTN, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH) were evaluated. Alcohol consumption was assessed through self-reported questionnaires evaluating consumption pattern (non-excessive vs. excessive), intensity (light, moderate, heavy), consistency (intermittent vs. consistent), and primary beverage type, including both commercial and traditional Peruvian drinks. Results: Excessive alcohol consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of HTN (aPR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31), IDH (aPR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.20-2.16), and SDH (aPR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18-1.78). Excessive alcohol consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of HTN (aPR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31), IDH (aPR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.20-2.16), and SDH (aPR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18-1.78). Consumption of traditional beverages such as chicha and Masato was associated with an elevated risk of various types of HTN. In contrast, wine consumption demonstrated a protective association against general HTN and IDH. Conclusions: Alcohol consumption patterns and beverage types have differential effects on HTN risk in the Peruvian population. These findings underscore the need for culturally adapted prevention strategies and more nuanced public health recommendations regarding alcohol consumption in Peru.
The construction industry requires sustainable alternatives to reduce its environmental impact and costs. This study developed eco-friendly concrete by incorporating recycled paper (RP) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate (5–20
