Universidade da Paz

This study examines the intersection between Arfak customary justice in West Papua and Islamic criminal law in the settlement of homicide cases within Indonesia’s plural legal system. Contemporary criminal justice discourse increasingly highlights tensions between state-centered retributive justice and indigenous restorative mechanisms rooted in communal reconciliation. Although the Indonesian Constitution recognizes customary law communities, the formal criminal justice system continues to prioritize legal positivism, often overlooking the sociocultural and spiritual values embedded in indigenous legal traditions. Employing a socio-legal and comparative madhhab approach, this study investigates how the Arfak customary mechanism operates as living law through deliberation, compensation (bayar kepala), and reconciliation rituals designed to restore social harmony and communal balance. The findings reveal substantial similarities between the Arfak model and the Islamic doctrines of qiṣāṣ and diyāt, particularly in the Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī madhhabs, which emphasize forgiveness, compensation, and reconciliation as essential components of justice. The Arfak restorative framework also aligns with the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, especially ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of life) and ḥifẓ al-ummah (protection of community cohesion). Furthermore, comparative analysis demonstrates parallels with indigenous restorative justice systems in New Zealand, Canada, Australia, and Rwanda, where customary reconciliation has been institutionally integrated into criminal justice. This study argues that incorporating indigenous restorative principles into Indonesia’s criminal law reform represents a model of managed legal pluralism that preserves state authority while recognizing socially legitimate customary norms. It contributes to comparative Islamic criminal law by proposing a hybrid framework that integrates customary justice, comparative madhhab perspectives, restorative justice, and constitutional criminal law within a human rights-oriented legal system.

The study aims to find empirical evidence of the influence of liquidity (CR) and profitability (ROA) on financial distress. In this study, the researcher used a quantitative method using panel data regression. The study population consisted of companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII 30) 2021-2024, and a purposive sampling technique was used to determine the sample size. A total of 84 samples from 21 companies were selected for this study. The data analysis technique used EViews 12. Based on the research findings, financial distress is significantly influenced by liquidity (CR) and profitability (ROA). The R-square results indicate that the influence of CR and ROA on financial distress, with a value of 0.8997 or 89.97%, is included in the high category. Meanwhile, other variables not studied may have an influence of 10.03%.

Behavioral finance research has extensively examined investment decision-making and investor biases; however, limited attention has been devoted to understanding how individuals develop enduring investor identities. This study aims to develop a substantive theory explaining the process through which investor identities emerge through the interaction of financial knowledge and locus of control. Adopting a constructivist grounded theory approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 22 active individual investors selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. Data analysis followed the constant comparative method involving initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical integration. The findings reveal that investor identity formation is a progressive and iterative process consisting of five interconnected stages: exposure and curiosity, knowledge acquisition, outcome interpretation, behavioral adaptation, and identity consolidation. Financial knowledge functions as a cognitive resource that enhances investors’ capacity to evaluate information and reflect on experiences, whereas locus of control operates as an interpretive mechanism through which investment outcomes are assigned meaning. Through repeated cycles of learning and adaptation, investors develop relatively stable identities, including risk-averse, explorer, trader, and contrarian orientations. The study proposes the Investor Identity Formation Framework (IIFF), extending behavioral finance literature by shifting attention from investment decisions to the developmental processes through which investors become distinct market participants.

This study aims to analyze digital transformation strategies in public administration as an effort to improve the quality of e-government-based public services. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study design supported by a literature review. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation at government agencies that have implemented digital-based services. Data analysis was conducted interactively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion using triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The results show that digital transformation has a positive impact on improving the quality of public services, particularly in aspects of reliability, responsiveness, transparency, and ease of access to services. The implementation of e-government systems can accelerate administrative processes, reduce complicated bureaucratic procedures, and increase service accountability. However, challenges faced include limited technological infrastructure, the digital literacy gap among the public, and resistance from some officials to change. The success of digital transformation is greatly influenced by visionary leadership, adaptive regulatory support, and increased human resource competency. Therefore, digital transformation strategies must be implemented in an integrated and sustainable manner to achieve public services that are effective, inclusive, and responsive to community needs.