A novel decision-making (DM) based direct speed predictive control (DSPC) strategy for an induction machine (IM) is presented in this article, eliminating the requirement for weighting factors (WFs). The proposed technique applies the Euclidean norm-based DM approach to DSPC, tackling the challenges observed in conventional WF-based model predictive control strategies. In addition, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is considered to estimate the rotor flux and load torque, improving the robustness of the system and decreasing complexity by avoiding multiple estimators. The DM-based DSPC technique is validated by simulation and experimental results under different operating conditions. This article also demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed technique by establishing a comparison with a conventional DSPC technique that uses WFs and the same EKF observer. Our results confirm that the DM-based DSPC scheme improves the control performance and robustness of the system, being a promising alternative for high-performance drive applications.
Cet article analyse le personnage de Haroun dans « Meursault, contre-enquête » de Kamel Daoud à travers le prisme théorique de Frantz Fanon. Il examine si Haroun incarne, dans l'Algérie postcoloniale, la figure du « Nègre » aliéné décrite dans Peau noire, masques blancs. L’étude s’interroge autour du personnage de Haroun. Comment reproduirait-il les schémas psychiques fanoniens. Une éventuelle obsession pour Meursault et son meurtre d'un Français sont interprétés comme les signes d'une aliénation persistante, où son identité resterait une réaction à l'Autre colonial plutôt qu'une affirmation autonome.
The intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in metabolic regulation, and Lactobacillus acidophilus has shown potential as an inhibitor of insulin resistance, a key factor in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigates the modulation of L. acidophilus adhesion power (AP) and biofilm productivity (BP) under the influence of exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from Prevotella intermedia strains, specifically the high EPS-producing S4 strain, sourced from children's oral gums. EPS concentrations ranged from 0.79 ± 0.03 mg/mL to 0.65 ± 0.07 mg/mL, and their effects on L. acidophilus were assessed in vitro. The results revealed a clear correlation between EPS concentration and both AP and BP. At 50 µg/mL, the average AP and BP were 27.92 ± 1.7
Loperamide hydrochloride is the most commonly indicated molecule for the symptomatic treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea. However, its presentation in solid forms (tablets and capsules) limits its use in children and patients with dysphagia, while the oral solution remains unavailable due to supply shortages and discontinuation of marketing. In response to this situation, a 0.02% loperamide hydrochloride extemporaneous syrup was developed as an alternative to existing formulations. Materials and Methods. Four syrups containing 0.02% loperamide hydrochloride were formulated. Different solubilization media for the active ingredient were investigated: 2% citric acid solution, lemon tincture, distilled water, and glycerol. The simple syrup used as a vehicle was prepared by cold method with sucrose at a concentration of 65% ± 1%. The formulations underwent quality control testing for macroscopic appearance, pH, density, viscosity, and assay content over a 20-day storage period at room temperature and protected from light. Results and Discussion. Under experimental conditions, the density of the syrups and their loperamide hydrochloride content remained within acceptable limits for 14 days. The pH and macroscopic appearance showed notable changes, with the exception of the syrup containing 2% citric acid solution, which demonstrated relatively satisfactory stability. Conclusion. The formulation of 0.02% loperamide hydrochloride in syrup form is an innovative approach aimed at meeting the specific needs of patients with dysphagia and the pediatric population. The stability of this extemporaneous preparation is adequate for the duration of treatment of an acute episode of non-infectious diarrhea.
ABSTRACT Linnaean and Wallacean shortfalls remain pervasive even among common and widespread Mediterranean taxa, limiting our understanding of evolutionary history and species boundaries. The Ocellated Skink Chalcides ocellatus complex illustrates this issue, with disputed subspecific taxonomy and deep mitochondrial divergences across North Africa and the Middle East. We combined mitochondrial (cytochrome b; 189 individuals) and nuclear markers (four loci; 2339 bp concatenated; 44 individuals) to test whether mitochondrial lineages reflect independently evolving units and to assess gene flow across contact zones. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses recovered four clades and haplogroups, respectively. While deeper relationships among these lineages remained unresolved in both phylogenies precluding potential topological comparisons, geographical comparisons revealed marked cytonuclear discordances. In the Maghreb, the mitochondrial contact zone between Western and Eastern haplogroups occurs in Kabylia (eastern Algeria), whereas the nuclear transition between corresponding subtypicus and tiligugu subspecies lies ~650 km further west near the Morocco—Algeria border. Most individuals across this region carry Western mtDNA haplotypes within an ‘eastern’ tiligugu nuclear background, indicating extensive mitochondrial introgression. Similar discordance was also observed in Egypt between C. humilis and C. o. ocellatus . Nuclear data supports the evolutionary distinctiveness of the four main lineages but provide limited resolution regarding their deeper relationships. The large geographic displacement between mitochondrial and nuclear suture zones strongly suggests historical introgression rather than incomplete lineage sorting. Our results confirm the reproductive isolation of C. humilis , highlight the independence of both Maghreb ( subtypicus and tiligugu ) lineages, and demonstrate that mtDNA alone is unreliable for delimiting taxa in this complex, calling for genome‐wide reassessment of species boundaries.
