University of Jember (Indonesian: Universitas Jember, abbreviated as UNEJ) is a university in Jember Regency, Indonesia. This university is located on Jalan Kalimantan, Jember. It has several faculties including education and law. It was established on November 10, 1964.
Procrastination—the habitual postponement of intended tasks despite anticipating negative consequences—is increasingly understood as a neurocognitive syndrome rooted in affective, motivational, and executive dysregulation. This systematic literature review synthesizes findings from 23 neuroimaging studies involving a total of 6,087 participants, predominantly university students aged 16–26 years, to examine the structural, functional, and psychological underpinnings of academic procrastination. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), and task-based fMRI, these studies consistently implicate reduced gray matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, insula, and precuneus, alongside disrupted connectivity within the Cognitive Control Network and Default Mode Network. Psychological mediators such as low self-control, high reward sensitivity, rumination, and boredom proneness were found to bridge neural alterations and procrastinatory behavior. Temporal activation patterns further indicate that procrastination is not a static trait but a dynamic process influenced by real-time fluctuations in attention, motivation, and emotional engagement. Key limitations include the cross-sectional design of all included studies, reliance on self-report measures, and limited demographic diversity, primarily East Asian student samples. These findings support reconceptualizing procrastination as a multidimensional neurocognitive phenomenon and highlight the potential for targeted interventions—such as cognitive training, mindfulness, and non-invasive brain stimulation—that address its core neural mechanisms to improve academic performance, mental health, and productivity.
Abstract Introduction Integrating physical activity into community-based primary care offers a promising, low-cost strategy for mental health promotion in resource-limited settings. In Indonesia, Posyandu represents a trusted and scalable platform, yet theoretically grounded and culturally embedded implementation models remain scarce. Aim To co-create and theoretically operationalize a culturally grounded, Posyandu-integrated framework for community mental health promotion through structured physical activity. Methods A six-month participatory ethnography was conducted across six mental health Posyandu in urban and semi-urban Indonesia (January–June 2025). Data were generated through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with 24 purposively selected participants (community members, cadres, nurses, and health officers). Thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase approach. The analysis was primarily informed by Social Cognitive Theory, with selected constructs from the Health Belief Model used to interpret behavioural mechanisms. Results Four interrelated themes were identified: (1) perceived psychosocial benefits (emotional regulation, sleep improvement, self-efficacy), (2) structural and gendered participation barriers, (3) peer-mediated behavioral reinforcement, and (4) cultural legitimization processes. Engagement was constrained by time, stigma, and gender norms, while sustained participation was facilitated through peer support and culturally embedded practices. Conclusion This study advances a culturally grounded, Posyandu-integrated framework that translates behavioural theory into actionable community-primary care mechanisms. By embedding structured physical activity into a trusted local platform through co-creation, the framework offers a feasible basis for future adaptation and scale-up in early-stage community mental health promotion within resource-limited settings.
Efficient and thermally stable catalysts are crucial for enhancing bio-oils through deoxygenation reactions, a key step toward sustainable fuel production. In this study, we used a hybrid approach combining density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the effects of Ce doping on the structural, electronic, and oxygen diffusion properties of LaNiO3-based perovskites (La,-xCexNiO3). DFT simulations showed that Ce substitution at the La site improved the structural stability of the perovskite framework, evident from the decrease in total energy and changes in the electronic state near the Fermi level. MD simulations assessed oxygen ion mobility and oxygen adsorption energy across various Ce doping concentrations (x = 0 to 1). The results revealed that oxygen diffusion peaked at x = 0.58, with maximum mobility at this concentration, suggesting its suitability for applications requiring efficient oxygen transport, such as catalytic deoxygenation. Adsorption energy calculations further showed that at x = 0.58, the surface exhibited enhanced stability and favorable oxygen adsorption energy, indicating its potential for catalytic processes with balanced oxygen-surface interactions. By evaluating thermodynamic stability, oxygen-vacancy formation energy, oxygen mobility, and adsorption energy, we identified an optimal Ce doping range of x approximate to 0.5-0.6. These findings demonstrate the potential of Ce-doped LaNiO3 perovskites as promising catalysts for the deoxygenation of oxygen-rich organic compounds, advancing cleaner, renewable fuel technologies.
Background: Hemolytic anemia (HA) involves premature red blood cell (RBC) destruction and often occurs in dogs as immune-mediated HA (IMHA) and hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). Developing an animal model is crucial for studying its mechanisms. Syngeneic grafts or xenograft blood can be used experimentally to induce hemolytic and autoimmune responses through self-antigen mimicry. Aim: This study aimed to examine the comparative effects of syngeneic graft and xenograft blood on HA induction in mice. Methods: There were three groups (n = 18 mice): a negative control, a syngeneic graft group, and a xenograft group. The syngeneic graft blood was obtained from mice of a different seller. Xenograft blood was obtained from a cat. Blood was injected intraperitoneally at 0.2 ml 5 times per week for 7 weeks. Mice were observed for 14 days after the last injection. Effects were evaluated based on complete blood count (RBC, WBC, Hb, and packed cell volume), blood chemistry [TPP, bilirubin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine], blood smear description, relative splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and spleen, liver, and kidney histopathology. Results: The results showed that the xenograft blood group had higher (p < 0.05) WBC, bilirubin, and BUN levels, as well as a higher number of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells, than the syngeneic graft blood group. Additionally, it had lower albumin and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) than the syngeneic graft. Both syngeneic and xenograft blood induced tissue destruction in the spleen, liver, and kidney. Conclusion: The research concluded that syngeneic graft blood induced a HTRs model, and xenograft blood induced an IMHA-like model.
Since cold brewed coffee has a thin body and soft taste, many people switch to it. However, taste, aroma, aftertaste, and physicochemical properties of cold brewed coffee can be influenced by brewing method and time, as well as raw material used. Therefore, this research was aimed to investigate the influence of grind size and brewing time on sensory, physical, and chemical properties of cold brewed coffee. The green bean used was naturally processed Ijen Robusta coffee brewed with different brewing time extracted in a refrigerator at 10 °C. The result showed that the finer grind size and the longer brewing time, the higher total dissolved solid (TDS), antioxidant activity, and caffeine total of coffee brew. Conversely, the lightness of coffee brew tended to be decreased when the grind size finer. Cold brewing method produces a more balanced taste of sweetness, acidity, and bitterness compared with hot brewed coffee. The cupping notes of cold brewed coffee exhibit a much lower bitter aftertaste when compared with hot brewed coffee, indicating that the method can improve the cupping score, which increased from 78.38 (hot brew) to 82.00 for cold brew. Sensory properties of cold brewed coffee are sweet aftertaste, thin body, caramelly, acidy, grassy, herbal, greenish, and mocca. This finding indicates that cold brewing methods can be implemented using naturally processed Ijen Robusta coffee by adjusting the grind size and brewing time. Controlling the brewing conditions for Robusta coffee will not only enhance its sensory quality, but also provide a cost-effective cold brewing method compared to commonly used Arabica coffee as primary input.
