This article examines the question of whether complementation structures are cross-linguistically universal by using two different cross-linguistic corpora, each drawing on the same thirteen languages, spanning every continent. One is SCOPIC, the Social Cognition Parallax Interview Corpus, specifically designed to elicit material rich in grammatical categories relevant to social cognition; for each language in our sample this was balanced by a “general corpus” of roughly the same size with no specific targeting of domains. We find that, while complementation is widespread, it is not universal within the languages in our sample: in some it is absent entirely and in others it is extremely rare. Of the structural alternatives used to achieve the same functional goal by far the commonest is quoted speech, suggesting that in the evolution of linguistic structures it is heteroglossia, the embedding of one person’s words in another’s, that is a more basic phenomenon, from which complementation structures then evolve in many but not all languages.
Luka bakar grade II (A) merupakan kerusakan kulit yang sering terjadi dan memerlukan penanganan yang tepat untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan serta mencegah komplikasi. Pemanfaatan bahan alam sebagai alternatif terapi topikal terus dikembangkan karena dinilai lebih aman dan memiliki aktivitas biologis yang beragam. Daun buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid yang berpotensi mendukung regenerasi jaringan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas salep ekstrak etanol 96% daun buni dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar grade II (A) pada mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Hewan uji dibagi ke dalam lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (Bioplacenton®), serta salep ekstrak daun buni konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, dan 10%. Luka bakar grade II (A) diinduksi pada punggung mencit, kemudian diberikan perlakuan sesuai kelompok masing-masing. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan parameter perubahan diameter luka dan persentase penyembuhan luka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian salep ekstrak daun buni pada seluruh konsentrasi mampu mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar dibandingkan kontrol negatif, dengan konsentrasi 10% menunjukkan efektivitas paling tinggi dan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa salep ekstrak etanol 96% daun buni berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai alternatif sediaan topikal berbahan alam untuk terapi luka bakar grade II (A)
Thyroid nodules are a common clinical finding, although only a minority are malignant. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) have been investigated as potential biomarkers for predicting thyroid malignancy, yet previous studies have shown inconsistent results. This study aimed to analyse the association between TSHs and FT4 levels and histopathological outcomes in patients with thyroid nodules undergoing surgery. This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design with retrospective medical record data from patients who underwent thyroid surgery at Wangaya Regional General Hospital during 2021–2025. Total sampling was applied based on the inclusion criteria, resulting in 121 patients with complete histopathological, TSHs, and FT4 data. The association between histopathological findings and hormone levels was analysed using chi-square test and logistic regression. Most patients were female (84.3%), and benign lesions predominated (71.1%). Higher TSHs levels were more frequent in borderline (66.7%) and malignant (56.3%) groups than in benign lesions (46.5%), but the association was not statistically significant (p=0.535). Lower FT4 levels were also more common in borderline (66.7%) and malignant groups (62.5%) than in benign lesions (48.8%), without significant association (p=0.367). TSHs and FT4 levels were not significantly associated with histopathological outcomes in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. These parameters should not be used as single predictors of thyroid malignancy.
Padlet is an emerging digital wall in classroom contexts to enhance language skills. However, studies specifically synthesize the use of it in EFL speaking classes are limited. This systematic literature review aimed at presenting a critical overview related to the use of Padlet in EFL speaking classes. To achieve this aim, there were 9 out of 1137 empirical studies used which were retrieved from database such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Crossref, Semantic Scholar from 2018 to 2024. This study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, Publish or Perish software, and Mendeley Reference Cite software. The studies conducted in English speaking countries and non-empirical studies were excluded. The findings showed that the classroom action research and quasi-experimental designs were the most common methods used. Padlet was used as a pedagogical tool in different contexts and in integration with other digital tools. The impacts of Padlet were not only on EFL speaking skills, but also on students’ internal factors including students’ learning motivation, perception, attitude, willingness to communicate, and international posture. This study provided synthesis of the use of Padlet as a pedagogical tool in EFL speaking classes.
In this research, an adaptive multiresolution semiparametric regression approach is proposed to examine the financial performance of Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) in Bali, Indonesia. In the research, the problem that arises from the inadequacy of traditional regression techniques in accounting for the nonlinear pattern in the data and the financial instability is overcome by introducing the truncated spline and wavelet components into the semiparametric regression analysis.This research utilizes a quantitative method based on secondary financial information collected for 50 LPDs between 2015 and 2024, providing around 500 observations. In order to obtain a more consistent dataset, the purposive sampling method will be used. Return on Assets (ROA) is chosen as the dependent variable, and explanatory variables include interest rates, the number of customers, capital adequacy ratio (CAR), total assets, and non performing loans (NPL). The model will be estimated using the penalized least squares with iterative backfitting estimation technique and will be assessed using the RMSE, MAE, and R² criteria based on Kfold cross validation. As it can be seen from the results, the hybrid model significantly improves the predictive power of traditional linear and spline methods, providing smaller error rates and better fit quality. Spline functions help to determine long term trends, whereas wavelets capture short term effects. This shows that multiresolution modeling increases predictability and interpretability. The model has practical utility for financial management and regulation through adaptive risk management and decision-making processes in microfinance firms.
