This study aims to analyze the forms and meanings of homonyms in the dialogues of the film *Laskar Pelangi* by Riri Riza and to assess their suitability as teaching materials for Indonesian vocabulary. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using content analysis on 123 dialogues, which were designated as units of analysis. The research data consists of words that meet the criteria for homonymy based on similarity in form, difference in meaning, and contextual relevance. The results indicate the presence of 20 instances of homonymy, evenly divided into 10 cases of pure homonymy and 10 cases of partial homonymy. Analytically, the findings reveal that homonymy in films tends to occur in lexemes closely related to the characters’ daily experiences and shifts from concrete to more abstract meanings, such as “road,” “heat,” “head,” and “hard.” Their meanings cannot be explained by lexical factors alone but are determined by multimodal context, namely the scene’s situation, inter-character relationships, intonation, and expressions. The suitability of films as teaching materials is demonstrated by three factors: the use of lexemes familiar to students, the presence of a clear social context, and the availability of audiovisual cues that aid in meaning interpretation. Thus, this study contributes to semantic research by emphasizing the importance of multimodal context in the interpretation of homonyms, while also proposing films as a medium for contextual and interpretive vocabulary learning.
Anxiety and back pain in the third trimester of pregnancy are common discomforts in pregnant women. This occurs because of physiological and psychological changes in pregnant women before the birth process which can disrupt life and have a negative impact on pregnant women and fetuses. An effort to reduce anxiety and back pain in third trimester pregnant women is to use deep breathing relaxation techniques. The research method was carried out using descriptive analytical methods with a case study approach. The respondents were 1 pregnant woman in the third trimester who received continuous care from the third trimester of pregnancy until delivery from 29 November 2023 to 17 December 2023 at PMB Rabiah, Palembang city. The research instrument used was the SOAP midwifery care guide. Data was obtained through interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. The application process was carried out for 18 days and the results showed a change in reducing anxiety and back pain after applying this deep breathing relaxation technique so that the mother could undergo the birth process safely, without problems and complications. Conclusion: The use of deep breathing relaxation techniques has been proven to be able to reduce complaints of anxiety and back pain in third trimester pregnant women.
Limbah padat dari industri pengolahan kelapa sawit merupakan potensi biomassa yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu satu biomassa limbah kelapa sawit yang kaya akan hara makro dan mikro serta berpotensi dijadikan pupuk organik padat yaitu cangkang kelapa sawit dan abu boiler. Cangkang sawit kaya akan kandungan karbon organik (C) sementara itu abu boiler kaya akan kalium (K). Untuk lebih memperkaya kandungan dan efikasinya terhadap kesuburan tanah dan tanaman maka dapat dilakukan fortikasi Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen (BPN) dan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat (BPF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkuantifikasi mutu kimia pupuk organik padat cangkang kelapa sawit - abu boiler yang difortifikasi konsorium BPN dan BPF berdasarkan SNI 7763:2024. Percobaan ini meliputi formulasi komposisi dan analisis kuantifikasi mutu kimia dan hara. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik padat dengan fortikasi BPN dan BPF mengandung senyawa yang bervariasi. Kandungan Nitrogen (N): 0,97%, Fosfor (P): 4,87%, Kalium (K2O): 3,17%, Magnesium (MgO): 3,36%, Karbon Organik (C): 17,64%, Besi (Fe): 6919,8 ppm dan Seng (Zn): 629 ppm. Hasil tersebut telah memenuhi SNI 7763:2024. Hasil ini memberikan gambaran bahwa limbah biomassa minyak sawit memiliki potensi besar untuk digunakan sebagai produk pupuk organik padat yang berkelanjutan.
This study investigates the implementation of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) in Indonesian higher education, focusing on how English language programs ensure alignment between Program Outcomes (POs) and Program-Specific Outcomes (PSOs). Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research synthesizes insights from curriculum frameworks, institutional policy documents, and prior empirical studies on OBE-based English language instruction. The analysis demonstrates that effective OBE implementation fosters not only students’ linguistic accuracy and fluency but also their critical reading, academic writing, and collaborative problem-solving abilities. Moreover, OBE promotes the integration of socio-cultural awareness, ethical communication, and digital competence as essential dimensions of communicative proficiency. Pedagogical innovations such as project-based learning, authentic performance assessment, and the use of digital learning environments like Google Classroom and AI-supported writing tools enable measurable learning outcomes aligned with 21st-century competencies. Nonetheless, the study identifies ongoing challenges, including limited teacher readiness, uneven institutional commitment, and misalignment between assessment instruments and higher-order learning objectives. Conceptually, this research positions OBE as a transformative educational model that shifts English language teaching in Indonesia from content transmission to outcome-oriented learning. It further emphasizes the importance of continuous curriculum review and systematic professional development to sustain its successful implementation. The findings provide both theoretical reinforcement for constructive alignment in curriculum design and practical guidance for English language educators in advancing quality assurance within higher education.
Learning methods play an essential role in achieving learning objectives; one of the learning methods is the demonstration method by demonstrating items, events, rules, and sequences of carrying out activities, either directly or through the use of teaching media relevant to the subject or material presented. In the prophet Adam AS a story, there is a demonstration method. The purpose of this study is to describe the demonstration method as an educative interaction in two-way communication in the story of Prophet Adam AS. This study uses a library research method. The data is collected in the form of primary and secondary data from verses of the Qur'an, Hadith, and expert opinions, and then the data is analyzed using content analysis. This study found a concept in the form of a demo method that Adam used in explaining the names of all things. This shows that educative interactions are built with nuances full of methods to teach students. In addition, to teach students need first to change students' perceptions of the material and learning objectives.
