University College Hospital, Ibadan

BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important risk factor for the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVES:The purposes of this study were to quantify the prevalence of CKD in CAD patients from 14 countries from all World Health Organization regions and to evaluate the prognostic value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). METHODS:A total of 4,548 patients with CAD were included (79.6% were males; age range: 18-80 years). They were assessed for eGFR and UACR 6 to 24 months after the CAD diagnosis. Complete information on kidney function and cardio-renal protective therapy was available for 3,865 patients and follow-up data after a median of 1 year were available for 3,577 (92.5%). RESULTS:CKD according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classification was present in 32% of whom 19.7% were classified as low-moderate, 6.9% as high, and 5.6% as very high risk. Without UACR, 51.3% of them would have been undetected. The primary event, first of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure, was observed in 7.9%, with the highest incidence in the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes high-risk group (men: 13.0%; women: 11.8%). This relationship was independent of other risk factors and evident soon after the index examination. Only a minority of the patients received adequate cardio-renal protective therapy. CONCLUSIONS:Early screening for CKD in patients with CAD is important and should preferably include both eGFR and UACR to provide a complete diagnosis. Without UACR, half of those with CKD would remain undetected. Treatment with cardio-renal protective therapy was low, providing great potential for improvement.

Abstract Background: The concept of day-case surgery was initially very slow in gaining acceptance among surgeons in Nigeria and other developing countries due to widespread scepticism and unfounded apprehension. However, there is increasing adoption of day-case surgery in many developing countries due to challenges with access to the operating theatre and the risks associated with prolonged immobilisation following surgery. The study aimed to profile the indications for day-case surgery on the plastic and reconstructive surgery service at the University College Hospital Ibadan over a 4-year period (2020–2023), identify complications, and determine the readmission rate from such procedures. Materials and Methods: A 4-year retrospective review of day-case surgeries performed on the plastic and reconstructive service of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 2020 and December 2023 was done. The information obtained included the demographic characteristics of the patients, the diagnosis, type of anaesthesia, postoperative analgesic used, complications, and readmission rate following discharge of the patients. The data obtained were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 156 day-case plastic surgery procedures were done; this accounted for 24.8% of all the elective plastic surgery procedures done over the year under review. Only 103 case files were able to be retrieved (retrieval rate of 66%). The mean age was 33 years (SD 14.7 years). There were 56 males and 47 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. All patients reside within the Ibadan metropolis. Most of the patients were American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA I; 95.1%), while 4.9% were ASA II. The most commonly performed surgery was keloid excision 24 (23.3%), followed by lipectomy 15 (14.6%), ganglionectomy 10 (9.7%), in-growing toe nail procedure 8 (7.8%), pyogenic granuloma excision 7 (6.8%), slit-ear lobe repair 6 (5.8%), epidermoid cyst excision 5 (4.9%), sebaceous cyst excision 4 (3.9%), giant cell tumour excision 3 (2.9%), and others. Local anaesthesia was used in 98.6% of patients. Postoperative complications occurred in seven (6.8%) of patients, with surgical site infection being the most common complication (3.9%). No patient had admission conversion or readmission. No mortality was recorded. Conclusion: Day-case plastic surgery operation is safe with minimal complications in carefully selected patients. The scope of the procedures can further be increased in order to increase the patient’s access to surgery.

Young people living in slums are at increased risk of poor mental health. We examined the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among youth living in slums in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A search of seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and African Journals Online) was conducted from inception to September 2022 and updated to March 2026. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers who also extracted data and assessed the study quality and risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool (JBI). Meta–analyses were carried out using the random effects model (REML) to estimate prevalence and 95