University Institute of Technology, The University of Burdwan is a "NAAC A accredited" Tier-V (under TEQIP) University Department of Engineering & Technology constituent to The University of Burdwan , located in Burdwan, West Bengal. It is the only Government Engineering Public University located in Burdwan District. .
This paper introduces a novel 2D fractional sine-cosine (2D-FSC) hyperchaotic map and its application in a robust image encryption scheme. Through comprehensive dynamic analysis including bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, butterfly effect, Shannon entropy, and phase space visualization, it is demonstrated the map's superior chaotic characteristics compared to conventional 1D chaotic systems. The proposed encryption framework employs a three-stage diffusion-permutation-confusion architecture enhanced by two key innovations: (1) a genetic algorithm optimizing diffusion and confusion processes to maximize entropy (7.998 +/- 0.002) and minimize correlation coefficients (|cc| < 0.004) of the encrypted image, and (2) a novel chaos-based pixel fusion technique for efficient bit-level permutation. Hardware implementation on a Cyclone IV FPGA (6057 logic elements, 34.29 MHz max frequency) validates the practical feasibility of the chaotic map. Security analysis confirms resistance against brute-force (key space > 2(750)), statistical (chi(2) < 184.2), differential (NPCR 99.61 +/- 0.04 %, UACI 33.46 +/- 0.09 %), and noise/clipping attacks. The algorithm processes 256x 256 images in 0.32 s which is 28-42 % faster than comparable schemes, while maintaining consistent performance across grayscale, color, and edge-case images. These advancements establish a new benchmark for chaos-based cryptosystems in applications requiring both high security and computational efficiency.
Q-rung orthopair spherical fuzzy sets (q-RO-SFSs) extend the expressive capability of fuzzy models by incorporating satisfaction, non-satisfaction, neutrality, and hesitancy degrees under a flexible q-rung structure. In this paper, we develop a family of exponential similarity measures for q-RO-SFSs, designed to capture complex uncertainty with improved sensitivity to all four components. Weighted, average, and generalized forms of the measures are proposed, and their mathematical validity is established. The applicability of the method is illustrated through multi-criteria decision-making problems, including credit evaluation and pattern recognition. Comparative analysis with existing similarity-based approaches shows that the proposed measures provide more stable and reliable rankings, demonstrating their effectiveness for practical decision-making in uncertain environments.
In the present study, natural convection heat transfer is investigated numerically in a pseudo-plastic fluid filling a square cavity’s four walls are cooled isothermally, and it contains a circular isothermal heat source. The Finite Difference-Lattice Boltzmann Method (FD-LBM) is employed as the computational technique to simulate the effects of controlling physical parameters, specifically the Hartmann number ( 0≤ Ha≤ 50 ) and the CMC concentration ( 0≤ξ≤ 0.4% ), on the thermal and dynamic characteristics of the working fluid. This analysis is conducted for a fixed Rayleigh number of 5×10^5 . . The numerical results obtained are utilized to train, test, and validate an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The findings indicate that the dynamic and thermal behaviors of the pseudo-plastic fluid are significantly influenced by variations in the physical parameters within their specified ranges. The increase in Ha /( ξ ) negatively/(positively) impacts the fluid flow intensity and heat transfer within the cavity. Furthermore, the effect of the magnetic field on the pseudo-plastic fluid is more pronounced than that on the Newtonian fluid. A correlation for the mean Nusselt number has been proposed, and the heat transfer rates predicted by the ANN are found to be in very good agreement with those simulated by the FD-LBM.
Vaginal infections are a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, where antimicrobial resistance increasingly compromises clinical management. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginal infections, describe their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from cervicovaginal samples of women consulting in Garoua, North Cameroon. A mixed retrospective-prospective and analytical study was conducted at three hospital facilities in Garoua (January 2023–December 2024). Microbial identification used the VITEK 2 system and API 50 CHL galleries. Antibacterial and antifungal susceptibility were interpreted per EUCAST guidelines (versions 13.1–14.0) and CLSI M60 breakpoints, respectively. LAB isolates were characterized for safety, physiological tolerance, aggregation capacity, and antimicrobial activity. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, odds ratio, Shannon diversity index, MARI, and PCA. Among 877 records analyzed, overall prevalence was 60.55
In arid Rajasthan, groundwater is the primary water source for domestic and agricultural needs across the state’s hydrogeological spectrum. However, pervasive chemical has been reported locally, and long-term statewide groundwater quality trends remain poorly characterized. This study presents a comprehensive 21-year spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater quality across Rajasthan, India, focusing on irrigation compatibility, human health risk, and regional hydrochemical evolution. Mann–Kendall, Modified Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests were used to identify temporal trends in 12 key parameters (EC, major ions, nitrate, fluoride). Irrigation suitability was assessed using standard indices (SAR, RSC, Na
