Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (RGPV), also known as State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh, is a state university situated in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is a multi-campus affiliating, research university offering diploma, undergraduate, postgraduate, integrated, dual and doctoral courses in fields like engineering, technology, pharmacy, management, architecture, design and applied sciences. The university has been accredited with Grade ‘A’ by NAAC.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat, with rising cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains compromising current treatment strategies. These challenges highlight the urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets. The DprE1/DprE2 enzyme complex in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, essential for arabinogalactan biosynthesis in the mycobacterial cell wall, represents a promising alternative target. Inhibiting this complex can disrupt cell wall integrity, offering a novel mechanism of action that may overcome resistance associated with current drugs. In this work, we performed protein-protein docking of DprE1and DprE2 proteins to establish the DprE1/DprE2 complex. The generated protein complex was then validated through MD simulation and substrate binding analysis. It was found that a protein interface site was necessary for the transfer of DPX from DprE1to DprE2 to further biotransformation into DPA. The hypothesis was to inhibit this substrate binding at the interface, and also a potential inhibition of DprE1/DprE2 complex formation through an external ligand binding. The Asinex screening database was virtually screened at the interface. The top docked molecule (Asinex compound ID-64519) was selected from the result to analyze their binding interaction analysis, docking score and MD simulation. The ligand shows comparable binding free energy at the interface site with the substrate (DPX), and comparable MM-GBSA and MM-PBSA score. Further, the per-residue decomposition analysis helped us to identify the hot spot and key residues. This finding suggests the possible inhibition of Mtb cell wall synthesis through substrate binding inhibition at the protein interface.
Marketed cream formulations contain fatty acids as core constituents, required for its texture, uniformity, shelf life, and skin penetration. Given their importance in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, real-time quantification and analysis of these compounds are crucial for assessing authenticity and ensuring compliance with regulatory specifications. In the present analysis, we employed gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) due to its sensitivity, robustness, and quantitative reliability. Overcoming the traditional method for fatty acid determination, we analyzed the sample without derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The derivatization step was initially omitted to simplify sample preparation, reduce analysis time and reagent consumption, and minimize the potential errors associated with incomplete esterification or degradation of unstable fatty acids during derivatization. Direct analysis was performed by dissolving the extracted sample in isopropyl alcohol and then filtering and injecting it into the GC-FID system under optimized chromatographic conditions. The optimized method was used for the concurrent quantification of lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids. The validation of the present work was executed in alignment with ICH Q2(R1) requirements. The method was further expanded to analyze real cream samples, thereby validating the accuracy of fatty acid profiling for routine quality control.
Quercetin and β-sitosterol were successfully co-encapsulated in a transethosomal nanovesicular system to improve drug delivery and produce an enhanced anticancer effect for the treatment of skin cancer. This study aimed to develop and optimise a quercetin and β-sitosterol co-loaded transethosomal and evaluate its physicochemical characteristics and in vitro anticancer potential against melanoma. Box-Behnken design was used for optimisation, with vesicle size and zeta potential chosen as important response parameters and Tween 80, Soy Lecithin, and Ethanol used as independent variables. Franz diffusion cells were used to confirm the improved formulation experimentally and assess its in vitro drug release and skin retention. The optimised formulation showed a vesicle size of 92.84 nm, PDI of 0.198, and zeta potential of -16.5 mV. Significant skin retention and sustained 24-hour release were observed, reaching 68.02% for quercetin and 72.09% for β-sitosterol. Non-irritancy and isotonicity were verified by HET-CAM analysis.
India’s rapidly expanding infrastructure has made highway transportation a crucial component of economic development, accounting for nearly 80
