This study examines partnership preferences of male refugees from Afghanistan and Syria who arrived in Germany between 2014 and 2016 and female residents of similar age. Using two comparable factorial survey experiments implemented in the first wave of the PARFORM panel and the ninth wave of the CILS4EU-DE panel, we analyse general tendencies in partnership preferences as well as partnership preferences based on education and religion. Our findings reveal a high willingness among recent male refugees to partner with resident women, whereas resident women exhibit significantly lower openness towards romantic relationships with male refugees. Comparing partnership preferences regarding the religion and education of a potential partner between male refugees and female residents who share similar characteristics reveals that homophily largely governs partner preferences on both sides, but deviations from this pattern point to alternative mechanisms, including status maximization and preservation of cultural identity. Overall, our findings indicate that beyond educational aspirations, cultural and religious distinctions can shape the expression of partner preferences, contributing to substantial asymmetry in intergroup partnership dynamics.
Metacognitive judgments and decisions involve uncertainty and rely on probabilistic cues. Prior research shows that people integrate multiple cues when making judgments of learning (JOLs). The present study examined whether metacognitive control decisions are influenced by multiple cues as well. In each of two experiments, participants studied 60 words varying on two cues (Experiment 1: concreteness, emotionality; Experiment 2: font format, word frequency). In Experiment 1, all participants made restudy choices to maximize later recall, whereas in Experiment 2, half made restudy choices, and the other half provided JOLs. Participants who made restudy choices restudied their selected items, and all participants completed a recall test at the end of the experiment. At the group level, both cues influenced restudy choices in Experiment 1, but only one cue did so in Experiment 2. Individual-level analyses of Experiment 2 revealed that most participants used both cues, yet the direction of cue use differed across participants: Some participants more often selected items with cue values associated with lower JOLs, whereas others more often selected items with cue values associated with higher JOLs. Overall, effect sizes for cue effects on restudy choices were smaller than those for JOLs. These findings suggest that multiple cues guided metacognitive control decisions, but that cue integration and cue use were weaker and varied more across individuals than in metacognitive judgments. This pattern indicates that the alignment between monitoring and control is reduced by other factors influencing restudy choices.
The pervasive rise of social media has placed visual content, especially photographs, at the forefront of digital marketing in tourism. As marketers strategically leverage emotionally resonant content on these platforms, this research explores the relationship between hedonic and utilitarian dimensions embedded in pictorial representations and their impact on user engagement in tourism. By utilising a machine-generated semantic differential, this study analyses 33,001 image-based posts from popular destinations on Instagram. The findings reveal that user engagement dynamics vary across themes, with multimodal excursions (e.g., modes of transportation) emphasising informativeness over fun and thrill, while art and sculpture benefit from the integration of functional cues. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this study examines how the emotional connotations of visual content shape potential tourists’ engagement. Overall, this paper underscores the importance of tailoring content strategies to specific thematic contexts and challenges the assumption of a universal appeal of certain pictorial elements.
Political science has no shortage of theories to explain ethnic majority support for radical right parties. This article enriches political psychology literature on the radical right by combining two prominent approaches - relative deprivation and social dominance theories. Evidence using data from a representative survey in the United Kingdom shows for the first time that feelings of group relative deprivation for White Britons are associated with an increase in social dominance orientation. Afterwards, as suggested by the established literature, social dominance orientation influences anti-immigrant prejudice, which then increases radical right support. This article contributes to the literature on political psychology and the radical right. It indicates that relative deprivation and social dominance theories can be used together rather than separately to explain why people support radical right parties.
Students’ expectancies for success and their subjective study values play a central role in academic motivation and achievement. Recent advances in research have highlighted the importance of contextual factors on individual motivation. In this regard, academic disciplines represent salient contexts that likely influence expectancies and values—but research on this topic has been lacking. To address this, we investigate how short-term changes in students’ expectancies and subjective study values differ between academic disciplines. We conduct two separate studies and analyse our data using multi-group latent change score models. In Study 1, we compared N = 403 students of disciplines with a broad, medium, and narrow vocational orientation. In Study 2, we investigated motivational changes of N = 444 students of disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. Findings demonstrate that expectancies, intrinsic values, utility values, and attainment values declined, whereas costs increased over the three months of our study. Although students’ initial motivation differed markedly across academic disciplines, motivational changes seem generalisable across academic disciplines. These results provide novel insights into both disciplinary differences and similarities in students’ motivation. On a practical level, findings outline common motivational problems across various disciplines. To effectively address these issues and foster students’ motivation, it seems most sensible and promising to target the motivational values (i.e. interest, vocational utility) that students lack.
