William Carey University (also known as Carey, William Carey, or WCU) is a private Christian liberal arts college in Mississippi, affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention and the Mississippi Baptist Convention. The main campus is in Hattiesburg, and a second campus is in the Tradition community near Gulfport and Biloxi.William Carey University was founded by W. I. Thames in 1892 as Pearl River Boarding School in Poplarville, Mississippi. A disastrous fire destroyed the school in 1905, and in 1906, with the backing of a group of New Orleans businessmen, Thames reopened the school in Hattiesburg as South Mississippi College. Another fire destroyed the young institution, forcing it to close. In 1911, W. S. F. Tatum acquired the property and offered it as a gift to the Baptists, and the school reopened as Mississippi Woman's College. In 1953, the Mississippi Baptist Convention voted to make the college coeducational, which necessitated a new name. In 1954, the board of trustees selected the name William Carey College in honor of William Carey, the 18th-century English cordwainer-linguist whose decades of missionary activity in India earned him international recognition as the "Father of Modern Missions." The gained official university status in 2006.The university offers baccalaureate degrees, Master's degrees, and doctoral degrees.. William Carey opened the college of Osteopathic Medicine in 2009 and welcomed its first class of 110 students in 2010. The academic year comprises three trimesters of eleven weeks each. Two summer sessions, a January Term, and a May Term are also offered. I..
OBJECTIVE:To assess students' program-required and self-directed preparation for the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX), as well as determine any association between pass rates and timing of the NAPLEX after graduation, completion of a National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) practice exam, pharmacy grade average point (GPA), remedial course work, self-directed study hours, program-required preparation hours, and primary language. METHODS:A survey was administered to Class of 2024 graduates from 9 schools, which collected self-reported data on NAPLEX attempt (pass/fail, timing after graduation, study time, commercial products used), preparation (both program-required and self-directed), perception of their preparation, and advice they would give to others. Descriptive statistics were examined, and comparisons were conducted between those who passed and those who failed. RESULTS:A total of 717 Class of 2024 graduates from 9 schools took the NAPLEX, and 329 individuals completed the survey (response rate, 45.9%). Most respondents took the NAPLEX within 60 days of graduation and spent up to 3 months preparing. Most students reported feeling adequately prepared for the NAPLEX (80%), with the lowest level of agreement for preparedness in compounding, dispensing, and administering drugs (73.9%). Group comparisons demonstrated significant differences in NAPLEX pass rates based on the time after graduation that the NAPLEX was taken and pharmacy GPA. CONCLUSION:This study reinforces that characteristics, particularly the timing of the exam in relation to graduation and cumulative GPA, are significantly associated with NAPLEX outcomes. The findings underscore patterns in preparation strategies, timing, academic achievement, and perceived gaps in readiness that are valuable for both educators and students.
The stress test the COVID-19 pandemic imposed on the US public health system illuminated predictable yet surprisingly unplanned for fault lines. A perceived lack of choice associated with nonpharmaceutical and pharmaceutical interventions led many Americans to question both measures and processes for mitigating disease consequences, such as masking and mass vaccination. A cultural-historical examination shows that a central impediment for US efforts to control the pandemic was the limited sense of common good. Many factors and beliefs, including also that the scientific-biotechnological innovation system did not serve the interests of all people equally, and the public health community's equating disease with how people perceived illness, weakened vaccination acceptance and disease control efforts. We conclude that US public health must renegotiate the social contract with the American people to recover a shared understanding of its relevance and to effectively respond to future health challenges and pandemics.
Drunk driving remains a critical public safety concern, causing a significant number of traffic accidents and fatalities worldwide. Traditional methods of detecting impaired driving, such as breathalyzers and sobriety tests, are often reactive and fail to prevent accidents before they occur. This paper provides a comprehensive review of AI-driven technologies for detecting drunk driving, including in-vehicle and out-vehicle systems for traffic safety. These systems leverage data from sensors, image recognition, iris recognition, and driving-behavior analysis to identify impaired driving in real time. While in-vehicle systems focus on physiological and behavioral indicators within the vehicle, out-vehicle systems monitor driving patterns and driver facial features from external sources, such as roadside cameras and drones. This paper also introduces a novel classification framework for existing detection methods, highlights their limitations, and proposes directions for future research.
Abstract Rationale Checkpoint-inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) remains a leading cause of ICU utilization, and outcomes are poorest in the steroid-refractory subset. Diagnosis is often delayed because clinical and radiographic features overlap with infection and radiation injury, leading to unnecessary antibiotics, treatment interruptions, and late escalation of immunosuppression. Circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable, biologically plausible readouts of lung immune-injury and are amenable to standardized pre-analytic and analytic pipelines under MISEV2023. Emerging CIP cohorts already show multi-miRNA panels with high diagnostic discrimination (AUC ≥0.84-0.90) and independent prognostic value, especially when combined with simple hematologic indices. A rigorous synthesis focused on EV-miRNA signatures for grade ≥2 CIP and steroid-refractoriness can therefore define the current performance envelope and highlight standardization gaps. Methods Following PRISMA-2020, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane (Jan 1, 2020-Oct 31, 2025) for studies evaluating circulating/EV-miRNAs in patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors with CIP endpoints; related EV-miRNA pneumonitis cohorts were included to inform biological plausibility. Two reviewers screened/extracted; diagnostic studies were appraised with QUADAS-2 principles and EV reporting against MISEV2023. Primary outcomes were diagnostic performance (AUC) for grade ≥2 CIP and association with severity or steroid-refractoriness; secondary outcomes included differentiation from infectious/radiation pneumonitis and survival. Results Eighteen studies met inclusion: one CIP-focused discovery/validation cohort; one RT-ICI pneumonitis cohort; one ICI-toxicity EV-miRNA study (non-lung); and fifteen guideline/mechanistic/adjacent EV-miRNA papers. In the largest CIP-focused study (JITC 2025), a three-miRNA signature—EV miR-193a-5p plus serum miR-193a-5p and miR-378a-3p—distinguished CIP from non-CIP with AUC 0.870 (training) and 0.837 (validation); adding lymphocyte count improved AUCs to 0.900 and 0.932, and the three-miRNA score predicted overall survival (HR 2.827; p = 0.040). In RT-ICI pneumonitis, an exosomal miR-148b/301a/423 cluster predicted symptomatic pneumonitis and worse survival, implicating PTPN14-YAP signaling. For radiation pneumonitis, plasma exosomal miR-200b-5p integrated with dosimetry achieved AUC 0.84 for symptomatic RP, supporting lung-injury EV-miRNA plausibility. Heterogeneity in EV isolation/normalization and CIP adjudication precluded meta-analysis. Conclusion EV-miRNA signatures—anchored by a validated three-miRNA panel—demonstrate clinically meaningful discrimination for grade ≥2 CIP, differentiate infection/radiation pneumonitis, and provide prognostic separation, particularly when paired with simple clinical indices such as lymphocyte count. Given persistent heterogeneity in EV workflows and CIP adjudication, the next step is harmonized, multicenter validation using MISEV-aligned preanalytics, prespecified thresholds, and blinded comparators, with enrichment for steroid-refractory phenotypes and reporting of decision-curve and time-to-treatment metrics. If replicated, these panels could enable acceleration in correct diagnosis, curbs unnecessary antibiotics, and guides earlier immunomodulator escalation in high-risk patients. This abstract is funded by: none
The astronomically abundant molecule cyclopropenylidene (c-C3H2) can form stable hexamer rings. Additionally, the related carbene cyclopropenylidene (c-C3H2C) can do the same, and this work explores the continuum of carbon allotropes constructed in this manner ranging from C18 to C24. The stability and IR features of each molecule are quantum chemically computed showcasing a surprising stability in C23 and C24. The latter is actually more stable than even C18 itself. Regardless, each molecule in the class exhibits notable IR features, including a high intensity C═C stretch, which may be observable from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This feature falls in the vicinity of 1600 cm-1 (6.2 μm), a region typically associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations. Additionally, each apical carbon on the carbene cyclopropenylidene hexamer is further replaced by an oxygen and sulfur to create a hexamer ring of each molecule, but the stability patterns for these substitutions are not favorable for higher substitutions, reducing the likelihood that C18 functionalized with O or S could contribute to any observable, naturally produced IR features.
