Polymeric ionic liquids are a diverse class of ion-conducting materials with tunable properties that can advance the applicability of additive manufacturing. However, the potential of 3D UV printing of polymeric ionic liquids with metallic fillers for electronic applications remains somewhat limited. In this work, we formulated photocurable resins using a methacrylate-based ionic liquid monomer and a crosslinker, with and without gold nanoparticles as fillers. Our results show that centimeter-scale structures, both free-standing and bonded to a substrate, can be prepared straightforwardly from the formulations using commercial 3D UV printers. The printed structures exhibited high fidelity, a high degree of polymerization, and high thermal stability, with stiffness ranging from 0.2 GPa to 0.5 GPa. Increasing the content of gold nanoparticles in the ionic liquid composites increased the glass transition temperature from -23 degrees C to -3.5 degrees C. Polymers without gold nanoparticles had a conductivity of 10-6 S cm-1, which increased to 10-4 S cm-1 in prints with 1 wt% of gold nanoparticles. 3D-printed resistors made from 1 wt% of gold nanoparticles maintained a stable current profile for several hours. Such a result highlights the potential to prepare ionic-liquid-based flexible electronic components using commercial 3D UV printers.
Childhood sexual and physical abuse is prevalent around the world and impacts many major developmental tasks of childhood, resulting in an increased risk of reporting depressive symptoms in adolescence. Despite research documenting that the parent-adolescent relationship is influenced by adolescent depression, there has been far less attention on change over time. The current study examined associations between childhood sexual and physical abuse, depression in early adolescence, and changes in adolescent perceptions of relationship quality with non-offending mothers. Bootstrapped indirect effects from childhood physical and sexual abuse to the intercept and slope of relationship quality through depressive symptoms were all significant. Findings suggest depressive symptoms in early adolescence indirectly connect physical and sexual abuse to both the cross-sectional association (e.g., intercept) and the changes in relationship quality from early to mid-adolescence. As our findings suggest depressive symptoms may be a significant risk factor for accelerating the decline in the parent-adolescent relationship, clinical implications are discussed.
PurposeEvidence suggests that new tip assist technology, a proliferation of low-service versus full-service activities, and general cultural confusion have changed tipping behavior. This research examines the potential for tipping behavior change in this new context and in a new generation of consumers.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative survey conducted amongst 299 U.S.-based consumers, a hierarchical linear regression model was developed to support the intervening effect of Gen Z mental shortcuts on tipping under various service conditions.FindingsThe results confirmed that Gen Z consumers utilize heuristic models to decide tipping behavior despite service condition. Further, Gen Z consumers use certain social behaviors as part of the tipping process.Research limitations/implicationsThe results highlight that the tipping process amongst Gen Z consumers is consistent with previous generations in certain aspects, while also pointing to a tipping motivation that is more self-centered.Practical implicationsGen Z consumers appear to continue to short-circuit the tipping process with heuristic models despite changes to tipping technologies and modalities.Social implicationsStakeholders relying on tips from Gen Z consumers would do well to understand their motivations related to making connections, networking and building relationships, which appear to drive service-focused evaluations.Originality/valueThis research enters into an ongoing exchange and integration of new standards for tipping by examining specific behaviors that influence tipping in Generation Z. The findings of this research apply a multifaceted model of motivation to a new generation of consumers.
On 24 March 2023, a violent tornado struck Rolling Fork, Mississippi, resulting in 14 fatalities, more than 150 injuries, and widespread structural devastation (NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Information). In response, researchers from the University of Oklahoma's Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO) and NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) conducted fieldwork 2 months later, interviewing meteorologists, emergency managers, and affected residents. This study centers on the latter group, drawing on interviews with community members to examine warning reception, risk perception, preparedness, and protective action within a context of pronounced social vulnerability. Findings reveal that many residents received information indirectly through social networks, which often catalyzed their decisions to take protective action. Several individuals demonstrated strong weather saliency, engaging with forecasts, monitoring environmental cues, evaluating risk, and planning in advance. Some also acted as informal risk communicators, relaying warnings and recommended actions to others. These individuals typically described higher levels of response efficacy. Conversely, participants facing structural vulnerability, such as living in mobile or poorly constructed housing and lacking access to trusted shelter, reported lower levels of self-efficacy and response efficacy. These findings underscore the importance of social capital in shaping warning reception and protective behavior. We recommend future research investigate pre-event social networks as mechanisms that can both exacerbate vulnerability and enhance resilience and explore how such networks can be engaged for better risk communication. Additionally, we advocate for greater return of research findings to affected communities through coproduced knowledge and capacity-building initiatives at the neighborhood and city levels.
Introduction:Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets must balance collegiate demands with military preparation, leaving them vulnerable to psychological stressors. While structured strength and conditioning (S&C) programs enhance physical readiness, their impact on psychological health in cadet populations remains unclear. This study evaluated changes in depression, eating behaviors, sleep quality, and emotion regulation during a 12-wk S&C program.Methods:Forty-nine U.S. Air Force ROTC cadets (21 female, 28 male; age: 20 +/- 2 yr; body mass index: 24.2 +/- 4.4 kg & centerdot;m-2; body fat %: 27.1 +/- 9.0%) completed the Supporting Tactical Athlete Readiness (STAR) program, a structured 12-wk S&C intervention. Assessments at baseline and postintervention included depressive symptoms, eating behaviors, sleep disturbance, and emotion regulation. Changes in these psychological parameters were analyzed in relation to program attendance and improvements in U.S. Air Force Physical Fitness Assessment scores to assess the effects of program dose-response and improved fitness, respectively.Results:Across all cadets, depressive symptoms, mood, and emotion regulation did not significantly improve. However, greater attendance and fitness improvements were independently associated with lower depression and improved mood. Male cadets demonstrated enhanced cognitive reappraisal, while female cadets reported worsening depression. Black cadets experienced greater increases in depression and sleep disruption compared with White cadets. Maladaptive eating behaviors rose overall but were attenuated among cadets with higher attendance. Sleep disturbance worsened, although cadets with fitness improvements reported fewer sleep problems. Program enjoyment and commitment were highest among underclassmen and less fit cadets.Conclusion:Structured S&C training did not uniformly improve psychological outcomes, but consistent attendance and fitness improvements were protective against depression, mood disturbance, and sleep disruption. The observed sex- and race-specific disparities, along with maladaptive eating behaviors, reinforce the need for tailored interventions that integrate physical training with mental skills, nutrition, and sleep strategies. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive, evidence-based S&C programs as resilience-building tools in military preparatory populations.
