Dynamic loads on a vehicle’s running gear generated when driving over uneven roads or surfaces have a destructive effect on its components and, consequently, on the vehicle’s reliability. Special vehicles, especially off-road vehicles, are operated differently from traditional vehicles. Deformable surfaces can induce significant dynamic loads on vehicle running gear components even at low speeds, significantly limiting safe driving speeds. This article presents experimental vehicle tests conducted on four test track sections at three predefined vehicle speeds (10, 20, and 30 km/h). The experimental results demonstrate a clear dependence of dynamic loads on the off-road vehicle’s speed on dirt surfaces. Differences were observed between the measurement sections, suggesting that standard road profile metrics (e.g., RMS (Root Mean Square) profile height change) do not fully predict actual loads, requiring continuous monitoring of vehicle operating conditions. Compared to paved roads, where loads are more predictable, ground surfaces generate unique vibration patterns even at low driving speeds. RMS values for the measurement sections ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 m. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt test methods to specific ground conditions, with driving speed as a key research parameter.
Transporting unexploded ordnance (UXO) involves the risk of their detonation, which poses a safety hazard not only to the vehicle crew, but also to people in the immediate vicinity of these products. In the case of the intended use of the vessel for the transport of fragmenting charges, this results in the need to use additional protective structures inside the vessel. As part of the work, materials were selected and a design of replaceable internal vessel elements was developed, which are resistant to the pressure acting inside after the charge detonation and reduce the kinetic energy of fragments to such an extent that penetration of the main walls of the vessel does not occur.
The need to develop a national seating system to minimize the effects of mines exploding under the vehicle while maintaining its ergonomics is based on current demand. According to military experts, the greatest need among land-based cars will be for light armored vehicles equipped with various safety-enhancing systems over the next few years. Information from recently completed and currently ongoing hostilities indicates an urgent need to increase the protection of the health and lives of soldiers traveling in vehicles. An important aspect is the current state of equipment in vehicles that are on the equipment of the Polish Armed Forces. Foreign manufacturers of seats are rapidly improving the existing ones and developing new designs, which are very expensive and not always structurally adapted to the interiors of vehicles used in the Polish Armed Forces.
Abstract: The paper presents potential possibilities for improvements of a servicing-repairing system for combat assets. This question is especially important when the combat assets are purchased from foreign manufacturers. It is worth to note that only a partial servicing documentation is often provided together with the delivery. The maintenance of combat assets in the best quality and high technical efficiency is a key task because of the situation behind our border where a full scale conflict takes place. The knowledge and experience acquired at many years of using other combat assets have to be used for such purpose together with methods assisted by mathematics and dedicated computer programs. All these actions have to improve both the servicing-repairing and supervision systems. In the case of the combat assets the main stress is put into those which are dedicated in the first order for training and combat tasks. Regarding this, the assets are subjected to permanent monitoring of their parameters, and especially those responsible for the safety of using, including the storing and transport. Time terms and types of the servicing-repairing works are usually included in relevant instructions, whereas the course of activities subjected to practical processes is prepared at the beginning of the use and completed, and extended on the current basis. It is a fundamental fact that changes in weapon systems used by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland require a permanent improvement of testing methods, and their adaptation to new combat assets. It is not a meaningless fact that a wide spectrum of used combat assets and their changes (implementation in the service of new technological solutions) have been enforcing the continuous improvement of both the testing methods, and the approach to the acquisition of modern weapon systems.
The paper presents the use of LS-DYNA software for numerical simulation of nuclear blast wave effects on protective structures. Brode's function was employed for blast wave modeling, and the Johnson-Cook material model was used to describe steel behavior. The results indicate the effectiveness of combining empirical methods with advanced numerical models in analyzing these types of phenomena.
