昭通学院

Given biomass’s advantages as a power cycle fuel, the current study proposes an effective configuration consisting of a biomass-fueled solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine. Also, a steam Rankine cycle, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, and a multi-effect desalination unit are employed for waste heat recovery and the production of excess power, hydrogen, and freshwater. The configuration is analyzed from energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and technoeconomic assessments. The results reveal that the gasifier and heat exchanger 2 are the main sources of exergy destruction, with values of 859.1 kW and 477.7 kW, respectively, while the highest cost rate associated with the exergy destruction is related to the heat exchanger 2 and the afterburner, at about 249,050.11 year−1 and 122,657.58 year−1, respectively. Also, an increase in the electricity sale cost from 0.07 to 0.15 /kWh reduces the payback period from 2.73 to 1.09 years. Meanwhile, the net present value increases from 3,585,887 to 10,363,095. Increasing the anode’s recycling ratio reduced the exergy efficiency, whereas increasing the cathode’s recycling ratio improved it. At the optimal state, the exergy efficiency, unit product cost, and payback period are 47.87

Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments has become a critical environmental issue due to the persistence and ecological risks of tetracycline (TC). In this study, nitrogen-doped biochar (QN7.5BC) was synthesized via ammonia-assisted ball milling to serve as an efficient adsorbent. The process incorporated pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N, and pyridinic-N groups, enhancing the surface polarity and providing abundant active sites. QN7.5BC exhibited a high specific surface area of 206.88 m2/g and a total pore volume of 276 cm3/g. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a TC removal efficiency of 95.7%, which is more than twice that of pristine biochar. Spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, XPS, Raman) confirmed that nitrogen doping strengthened oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl and carboxyl), promoted hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interactions, and improved structural stability, as reflected by a decrease in the Raman I D/I G ratio from 1.131 to 0.924. Even after TC adsorption, QN7.5BC maintained a good structural integrity. These findings highlight the synergistic effects of nitrogen doping and pore structure optimization in enhancing TC adsorption, thereby demonstrating the potential of QN7.5BC as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for antibiotic wastewater treatment.

Helvella is the most specious and morphologically prominent genus in Helvellaceae (Pezizales, Pezizomycetes). In our investigations of macroscopic ascomycetes in southwestern China, a novel species H. griseofuscostipitata is discovered on the ground covered with fallen pine-needles in a forest farm. Helvella species are characterized by white, cream, grey to black, saddle-or cup-shaped, or irregularly lobed apothecia attached to distinct terete stipes with or without longitudinal ribs, ellipsoid or subfusoid ascospores with a large central oil drop. The key morphology of our species consistent with the generic concept of Helvella. However, it can be differentiated from its phylogenetically close relatives (H. orentitomentosa, H. suborentitomentosa, and H. kunmingensis) by having mostly bi-to tri-lobate mature apothecia, yellowish gray to brownish gray fresh hymenia, subpubescent stipes (gray to dark brownish gray), an ectal excipulum with both textura globulosa and textura angularis cells, and finely verrucose younger ascospores. The placement of H. griseofuscostipitata as a distinct species, is confirmed based on macro-and micro-morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogeny of a concatenated ITS-LSU-hsp90 sequence dataset in Helvellaceae, with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. The detailed morphological illustrations, comprehensive morphological description including the phylogenetic relationships of other Helvella species also provided.

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is commonly employed in peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs). However, the Schottky barrier between the ZVI and the surface iron oxide shell hinders electron transfer. Herein, N-doped zero-valent iron composite carbon materials (N-sZVI@NC) are successfully prepared via a one-step carbonisation method using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a precursor. N element doped into Fe lattice induce the tensile strain effect, which raises the Fermi level of ZVI, hence lowering the Schottky barrier. The reduction in the Schottky barrier allows more electrons to activate PMS, generating SO4 - and OH radicals. Concurrently, sp2-conjugated carbon materials with strong electron-transfer capabilities facilitate the electron-transfer degradation process. The N-sZVI@NC/PMS system achieves dual-pathway synergistic oxidation via co-capture of electron-rich pollutants and PMS, demonstrating exceptional efficiency in the degradation of persistent organic pollutants. The kinetic constants and PMS utilization rates are up to 0.15 min-1 and 48.4%, respectively, which are 7.5 and 3.1 times higher than those of the nZVI@C without N doping. N-sZVI@NC-2 exhibits excellent stability, with over 90% degradation efficiency throughout 10 cycles of continuous-flow reaction experiments, and demonstrates outstanding practical capabilities for treating soil and industrial wastewater. Overall, this study provides new insights into the development of ZVI composites with high activity and stability.

Chemical diversity is crucial for plant ecological adaptation and nutritional value. In kiwifruit, secondary metabolites such as terpenoids influence key traits such as flavor and nutraceutical properties, however, their diversity across different species and cultivars remains poorly characterized. This study employed UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics to profile terpenoids in five varieties representing both Actinidia chinensis (cultivars ‘Guichang’, GC; ‘SunGold’, SG; and a wild type, WL) and Actinidia arguta (cultivars ‘Maolvfeng’, LC; ‘Danyang’, DY). We identified 309 terpenoids, revealing profound diversity. Notably, the commercial A. chinensis ‘SunGold’ (SG) and A. arguta ‘Danyang’ (DY) exhibited the highest total terpenoid content, while SG uniquely possessed a soluble sugar content 2.4 to 6 times greater than other varieties. Both varieties also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity (455.20 and 438.91 µg TE/g FW, respectively), suggesting their superior nutraceutical potential. Multivariate analysis confirmed distinct terpenoid fingerprints, with DY enriched in ursane-type triterpenes e.g., pomolic acid, 1-oxo-siaresinolic acid, camellisin B, and siegesbeckic acid, while SG was uniquely abundant in seco-iridoids like geniposide (442-fold higher than WL). Within A. chinensis, the cultivated ‘Guichang’ (GC) showed a significant suppression of most triterpenoids compared to its wild relative (WL), demonstrating a possible breeding or selection effect. Our findings demonstrate that terpenoid profiles are likely influenced by genetic background, both at the species and cultivar level, providing a metabolic roadmap for the targeted breeding of kiwifruit with optimized health, nutraceutical, and sensory properties.