This study aims to investigate the variables influencing private school teachers' job satisfaction in Nepal, which is affected by various elements, including pay and incentives, working conditions, management support, workloads, job security, etc. Based on a questionnaire survey, the research employed a descriptive and causal comparative research design. For the self-administrative questionnaire survey, a total of 202 samples of teachers from various private schools were selected according to the judgmental basis of the researcher. KMO, Bartlett's test, regression analysis, correlation, reliability analysis, and descriptive analysis have all been performed. This study demonstrates how teachers generally feel about their workload, managerial assistance, working conditions, job security, and pay and incentives. The study finds a strong and beneficial correlation between pay and incentive, working condition, management support, and job security, whereas there is no correlation exists between job satisfaction and workload. The private schools should prioritize improving working conditions, management support, job security, and pay and incentives to enhance teachers’ satisfaction while addressing workload-related challenges to mitigate dissatisfaction.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of local economies, especially in emerging regions like Mahendranagar, Nepal. Despite the availability of various loan products from financial institutions, their effectiveness in supporting business growth remains inconsistent. This study investigates the role of loan products in enhancing SME performance, identifies challenges in loan utilization, and explores key issues such as financial literacy, misuse of loans, and loan monitoring gaps. Data were collected through field surveys, interviews with business owners, and analysis of bank reports. Findings highlight the need for improved financial education, stricter loan monitoring, and customized loan products. Recommendations include better financial literacy programs, stronger monitoring systems, and tailored banking services to address the unique needs of SMEs.
Employee performance is a crucial factor in achieving organizational success, as it significantly impacts productivity, profitability, and overall business outcomes. This study investigates the impact of occupational stress on employee performance at Nepal Telecom Ltd., focusing on four major predictors: working environment, workload, salary and benefits, and job security. The research aims to understand how occupational stress influences employee efficiency and organizational effectiveness in the telecommunications sector. Data were collected from 325 employees using a structured questionnaire and convenience sampling. The study used Pearson's correlation and regression analysis to evaluate the correlation between predictors and employee performance, revealing that working environment, workload, salary and benefits, and job security significantly positively impact employee performance at Nepal Telecom Ltd. A supportive work environment, balanced workload, competitive salary and benefits, and job security collectively enhance employee performance by fostering comfort, motivation, and focus while minimizing stress and anxiety. The study highlights the importance of managing occupational stress and recommends creating supportive work environments, balancing workloads, offering competitive compensation, and ensuring job security to optimize employee performance.
Workforce diversity in cooperative organizations is a concept that has gained increasing significance in recent years. Cooperative organizations are typically structured around the principles of equality, democracy and solidarity and many of them have a long history of promoting diversity and inclusively within their membership and workforce. The background of workforce diversity in cooperative organizations can be traced back to the core values and principles that underpin the cooperative movement. The primary goal is to look into the relationship between workforce diversity and employee performance in the Kanchanpur district's cooperative organizations. The research design used in the study was descriptive. Using cluster and purposeful selection methods, 400 workers from various cooperative groups were chosen to participate in the survey. Data was collected using physical questionnaires and a structured questionnaire. To examine the impact of workforce diversity on employees' performance, regression analysis has been conducted. The findings showed that employees' performance is positively impacted by diversity in terms of gender, race, and job experience. Employee performance is also negatively impacted by physical disabilities. This study demonstrates how employee performance in Kanchanpur district cooperative organizations is impacted by workforce diversity. These findings can also be utilized to develop plans to enhance the way that current cooperative organizations implement staff diversity. This study looked at several facets of diversity and their connections to performance. For example, while physical problems have a detrimental effect on employees' performance, ethnicity, education, and job experience have a beneficial effect. Only the Kanchanpur cooperative in Nepal has taken this study into consideration; however, additional research can be conducted in other industries, such as manufacturing, hotels, hospitality, and other governmental and nongovernmental organizations.
Investment decision making is a complex process influenced by psychological biases, especially in emerging markets such as Nepal, where financial literacy and market transparency remain limited. Traditional finance models assume rational investor behavior, but behavioral finance highlights the significant role of cognitive biases, such as loss aversion, overconfidence, herding, and risk perception, in shaping investment choices. This study examines the impact of these behavioral factors on individual investors in the Nepalese stock market. This study adopted a quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire distributed to 387 respondents. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between the independent variables (loss aversion, overconfidence, herding, and risk perception) and dependent variable (investment decision). The results reveal that loss aversion (B = -1.416, p < 0.01) and risk perception (B = -1.362, p < 0.01) negatively impact investment decisions, while overconfidence (B = 0.947, p < 0.01) and herding (B = 1.723, p < 0.01) have positive effects. Among these, herding has the strongest influence, indicating that social dynamics play a crucial role in investment behavior. These findings emphasize the need for targeted financial literacy programs to address cognitive biases and promote rational decision-making. Enhancing market transparency and access to reliable information can reduce emotional decision-making and improve market stability. This study contributes to behavioral finance literature by offering localized insights into investor behavior in an emerging market context.
Employee retention reflects an organization's ability to maintain its workforce over time, minimizing turnover. This study explores the role of workplace motivators in enhancing employee retention within Nepal’s insurance sector, focusing on Karnali Province. Specifically, it assesses how a supportive work environment, training and development opportunities, fair compensation and benefits, and relationships with supervisors and co-workers influence employees' decisions to stay with their organizations. Data were collected from 335 employees across multiple insurance companies using a structured questionnaire distributed through convenience sampling. Pearson’s correlation and regression analyses were employed to examine the relationships between the independent variables (supportive work environment, training and development, fair compensation, and workplace relationships) and the dependent variable (employee retention). The findings indicate that all four factors significantly and positively impact employee retention. A supportive work environment fosters motivation and comfort, while training and development opportunities enhance engagement and productivity. Fair compensation and benefits serve as key motivators, reducing financial stress and improving job satisfaction. Additionally, positive relationships with supervisors and co-workers strengthen employees' sense of belonging, further encouraging retention. These results highlight the importance of strategically managing workplace motivators to retain employees and enhance organizational performance. By cultivating a supportive culture, investing in employee growth, offering competitive compensation, and nurturing strong workplace relationships, companies can significantly reduce turnover and sustain a committed workforce.
The research aimed to assess the impact of financial risk on the performance of cooperatives in Nepal, focusing on credit, operational, and market risks are independent variables and financial performance is the dependent variable. The Research data was collected from financial statements and regulatory records spanning mid-July, 2015 to mid-July, 2024, though the dataset was unbalanced due to variations in the licensing years of the cooperatives. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and range, summarized the data, while correlation coefficient analysis examined the strength and direction of relationships between variables. Regression analysis explored the causal impact of financial risks on cooperative performance. The findings revealed that credit risk had a marginal but its positive effect on financial performance, operational risk had a significant and positive influence, and market risk demonstrated a substantial positive impact. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive risk management practices and recommends that cooperatives implement strategies addressing all dimensions of financial risk, including the recruitment of skilled risk management professionals, to enhance overall performance.
The rapid advancement of financial technology (FinTech) has revolutionized financial services globally, with Nepal experiencing growing adoption driven by digital payment platforms, increasing smartphone penetration, and government initiatives. This study aims to identify the key determinants influencing FinTech adoption among business students at Pokhara University. This study examined FinTech adoption among 320 purposively sampled business students at Pokhara University using a two-stage approach, where PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 3.0 assessed linear relationships, and ANN analysis with SPSS 26 captured nonlinear patterns. The study found that Perceived Ease of Use, Financial Literacy, and Regulatory Awareness & Trust significantly influenced FinTech adoption while Perceived Security & Privacy and Social Influence had no significant impact. The implication of the study is that enhancing user experience, integrating FinTech education into curricula, and strengthening regulatory frameworks are essential for promoting adoption and trust in digital financial services among business students.
Talent management is a strategic process focused on attracting, developing, retaining, and optimizing an organization’s workforce to achieve its goals efficiently. Within this framework, the study explores how talent management practices influence employee performance in the service sector of Surkhet District. This study employed a quantitative research approach, collecting survey data from 315 service sector employees in Surkhet District. Selected for its demographic diversity and role as the administrative capital of Karnali Province, the district’s workforce varies significantly in race, caste, age, gender, and marital status factors that often complicate the alignment of employee performance with organizational goals. This setting provided an ideal context for investigating the impact of talent management practices. Data was gathered through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using regression analysis in SPSS 25 to evaluate the relationship between talent management variables and employee performance. The results demonstrate a significant positive influence of key independent variables talent planning, talent development and attraction, recruitment and retention strategies, and rewarding and compensation systems on employee performance. These practices strengthen engagement, motivation, and productivity by implementing strategic workforce planning, fostering professional growth, optimizing hiring processes, and offering competitive rewards. Collectively, they contribute to enhanced organizational success. Service sector organizations face challenges in adopting strategic HR practices, including limited awareness, resource constraints, and a shortage of skilled professionals. Given the traditional emphasis on operational efficiency and the difficulties of managing workforce diversity, this study explores how talent management can enhance organizational performance in the region.
The primary pillar of the Nepalese economy is agriculture. In addition, Nepal's tourism industry is a significant and highly promising economic sector. This study examines how Nepal's GDP is impacted by the tourism industry, which generates foreign exchange earnings, and the agriculture sector, which encompasses forestry, fisheries, and agriculture. Using secondary time series data from 1995 AD to 2020 AD, this study investigates the economic contributions of the tourism and agriculture industries to the GDP of Nepal. For trend analysis, this study additionally employed secondary time series data on the value of the agricultural sector's contribution to GDP from 1965 AD to 2023 AD. Ordinary least squares regression has been used to evaluate secondary time series data from the World Bank-World Development Indicators. This paper used agriculture, forestry, and fishing as primary independent variables, with foreign tourism receipts serving as a supporting independent variable. The GDP was the dependent variable. This study came to the conclusion that the agriculture sector and GDP have a favourable and significant relationship. Additionally, this paper's empirical findings demonstrated a positive and insignificant relationship between GDP with foreign tourism receipts.
Pilgrimage sites attract millions of people worldwide, driven by religious faith, and significantly stimulate economic activities. These sites create employment opportunities for hundreds of thousands people around the world, generate substantial income, and positively impact local business growth, contributing to overall economic prosperity and revitalization but remain in shadow in the absence of rigorous theoretical discussion to adopt appropriate methodologies to capture these aspects. This paper provides a precise theoretical and empirical review of literature on measuring the economic contribution of pilgrimage tourism around the world. It aims to deepen understanding of the theoretical underpinnings and empirical practices to explore potentiality of using Individual Travel Cost Method under revealed preference techniques to measure the economic contribution made by popular pilgrimage sites on national economy. In this context, the literatures for this review was traced from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, books, and research reports that address the economic impact of pilgrimage tourism around the world. The key economic dimensions and indicators include visitors' satisfaction, consumers' satisfaction, employment generation, and local business growth.
This study explores the impact of inland tax revenue and import-based tax on Nepal’s GDP, focusing on the relationship between fiscal policy and economic growth. Inland tax revenue includes income tax, value-added tax (VAT), and excise duty, reflecting the country’s domestic revenue generation. In contrast, import-based tax, mainly customs duties, highlights Nepal’s reliance on foreign trade for government income. Using data from 2018 to 2023, the study applies econometric methods to assess the connection between these tax types and GDP. The results show a positive correlation between both inland and import-based taxes with GDP, indicating that improved tax collection and effective trade management contribute significantly to national economic performance. However, the study also emphasizes the importance of balanced fiscal strategies avoiding overdependence on any single revenue source. Strengthening inland tax systems while maintaining efficient trade policies is essential for long-term stability and growth. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to optimize tax structures and support Nepal’s sustainable economic development.
Non-Monetary rewards are prizes or perks given to workers that do not include direct money remuneration. These incentives inspire workers, increase job satisfaction, and boost performance. As a result, nonmonetary incentives play an important role in improving employee performance. The study's objectives are to examine the impact of non-monetary rewards on employee performance in commercial banks in Karnali Province, specifically how flexible work arrangements, employee recognition, career development opportunities, and job promotions affect employee performance. This study used a structured survey to obtain primary data from 335 workers at several commercial banks in Karnali Province. Participants were selected using convenience sampling, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to uncover patterns and correlations between non-monetary incentives and employee performance. The results show a favorable and substantial association between employee performance and aspects including flexible work arrangements, career development chances, and job promotions. On the other hand, employee recognition was shown to have a modest influence on performance, demonstrating that the efficiency of various non-monetary incentives differs. The research shows that non-monetary incentives, notably flexible work arrangements, career development opportunities, and job promotions, majorly impact employee performance in the commercial banking industry. Employee recognition, although beneficial, has a less noticeable impact. These results have practical implications for bank managers and HR experts, emphasizing the necessity of developing reward systems that prioritize meaningful nonmonetary incentives. Commercial banks may promote employee engagement, increase productivity, minimize attrition, and support long-term organizational success by emphasizing flexibility, professional development, and progression possibilities.
This article investigates how improved digital access can foster effective rural e-governance in Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal. The province, marked by its geographical remoteness and limited infrastructure, continues to struggle with digital inclusion. A quantitative survey approach was employed, targeting 300 rural respondents selected via purposive sampling. The study assessed internet accessibility, ownership of digital devices, digital literacy, and usage of online government services. Findings indicate that only 35% of the population has consistent access to the internet, mainly through mobile phones, while 65% remain digitally excluded. Major barriers identified include limited connectivity, unaffordable digital tools, and lack of awareness or training. Additionally, respondents from digitally connected areas showed a higher tendency to use government services online, such as applying for official documents or accessing agricultural support. The research highlights how digital exclusion leads to a perpetuation of marginalization in public service delivery. To address this, the study proposes targeted policy interventions including the expansion of broadband networks, community-based training programs, and affordable device schemes. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to strengthen inclusive e-governance in underdeveloped regions. This research contributes to the broader discourse on digital equity, public service innovation, and rural development through evidence-based policy recommendations.
El Personalismo plantea la posibilidad de reflexionar sobre la urgente necesidad de poner, al ser humano, como fin de toda acción, comprender las dimensiones fundamentales de la persona como ser único y en relación, como poseedor de trascendencia, subjetividad, afectividad, corporeidad anímica, historia encarnada, cultura e intelecto. Como corriente filosófica, se origina alrededor de 1930 (Siglo XX), en el período entre guerras, y surge como una reflexión para hacer frente a la crisis de la cultura de la modernidad como también a los problemas existenciales del hombre (planteados en todos los tiempos); influyendo por su fundamentación, en la elaboración de la Declaración de los DDHH en 1948, como también, en los textos de Concilio Vaticano II reivindicando a la persona como ser “único e irrepetible”. Algunas de sus características esenciales, refieren a:• La persona como centro de la reflexión filosófica;•Destaca, en el hombre, la capacidad de conocer una verdad que al mismo tiempo lo trasciende, sabiendo, a la vez, que no es capaz de conocer “toda” la verdad.•El hombre como ser libre con capacidad de auto determinación, dueño de sí mismo y con potencial de modificar el mundo.•La persona como realidad sustancial, y no un mero sucederse de vivencias sin un soporte ontológico (empirismo, positivismo).•La importancia de la afectividad, como dimensión esencial de la persona. Debe ser considerada como parte de la reflexión filosófica, como se ha hecho con la inteligencia y la voluntad.•La persona esencialmente ordenada a la relación interpersonal, familiar y social que se realiza a sí misma en la donación, diálogo y comunión con las demás personas.En orden a esas características, el personalismo incorpora, en la enseñanza, cualidades humanas tales como la identidad y unidad del educador y del educando. “Dichas características deben ser consideradas como parte estructural de un proyecto educativo cuya esencia subyacente es la emancipación de la persona”. (Cruz Herrera, Ana María).
En la presente investigación se intentará correlación el principio pro-persona con los estudios victimológicos a la luz del personalismo recargándonos fuertemente en el personalismo social, utilizando la Teoría de Sistemas Sociales, de Niklas Luhmann, como metodología de investigación, que nos explica que todo fenómeno está dentro de un sistema social con causas y consecuencias sociales. La personalidad se ha estudiado desde diversas aristas, los podemos remontar con la teoría de los humores de Aristóteles hasta los teóricos personalistas como Ramón de Campoamor, Gabriel Marcel, Juan Manuel Burgos, por mencionar algunos, lo que se busca con esta investigación es identificar si la construcción de la personalidad se ve modificada al ser víctima de un delito y si esta modificación es permanente o momentánea. Al ser el hombre un zoon politikon como lo define Juan Manuel Burgos en su libro Reconstruir la persona (Burgos, 2009), retomando la filosofía Aristotélica, la esfera de lo público toca cada vez más la esfera personal nos guste o no nos guste y hemos tratado de manera general a la víctima como un elemento del inter críminis cuando es un sujeto en toda la extensión de la palabra. Se ha relegado y se tiene que regresar al centro de todo el proceso, porque al final del día ¿Qué sería más importante? Que el afectado. El estudio de las víctimas tiene que ser acogido por el personalismo social, ya que también es un derivado de la “relación entre las personas” y de la relación “persona-sociedad”. Por lo que en la presente investigación se prende colocar a la víctima en el centro del proceso judicial tomando como punto rector el principio pro-persona y la filosofía personalista, para devolver a la víctima su carácter de persona y reivindicarla de procesos re-victimizadores. El estudio de la víctima es relativamente “nuevo”, este comienza a tomar fuerza en las ciencias jurídicas, nace con el objetivo de estudiar la otra cara del interter críminis no nada más la criminalidad, sino desde el sujeto pasivo intentando no cosificarlo, el recorrido histórico de la criminalidad es mucho más amplio, para entenderlo tendríamos que comenzar por la demonología, el derecho, la psicología y la psiquiatría en un mudo mucho más moderno, la víctima aparece como un objeto-sujeto secundario, parecería en ocasiones como mero espectador de los sucesos y es ahí donde la victimología intenta devolverle al sujeto pasivo su calidad de persona, des objetivándolo de un suceso, ¡¡por qué somos más que un momento histórico en nuestras vidas!! Existen varios tipos de victimología, en el presente trabajo se estudiará la Filosofía Victimológica, con el objetivo de regresar a la víctima al centro y no como mero observador o como testigo, espacio donde el Derecho lo ha tenido por muchos años, en los propios juicios de Nuremberg, todas las víctimas que presentaron testimonio fueron denominadas testigos y existe una enorme diferencia entre la persona que observa un acto delictivo y en quien reca, el carácter de testigo a ojos de tercero disminuye el impacto del delito y lo deja fuera del proceso o a merced del proceso mismo reviviendo una y otra vez el suceso. En inglés se tiene un término al respecto phubbing1, que es menospreciar al interlocutor cuando estamos frente a frente, el término se acuña aproximadamente en el 2007 con el uso exponencial del Smartphone, es una práctica que parece “normal” es más como interlocutores parece no molestarnos, seguramente hacemos lo mismo, ¿pero qué tanto afecta al desarrollo de la persona?, ¿cuántas veces se ha mandado un mensaje a alguien que comparte la misma mesa que nosotros, relegando de esa realidad a todos los demás que también la comparten? ¿nuestra tecnología nos está despersonalizando o crea nuevas formas de ser persona?
Intelligence is a key path to promoting ecological construction and achieving high-quality economic development.This paper,based on panel data from 2013 to 2020 in China,systematically constructs an evaluation index system for regional intelligence.Then,using a dynamic threshold model,from the perspective of industrial transformation and upgrading,it explores the complex dynamic im-pact of intelligence on low-carbon technology innovation at different levels of industrial transformation and upgrading.The results indicate that the level of regional intelligence in China is relatively low,and regional heterogeneity is significant.Intelligence has a significant het-erogeneous threshold effect on low-carbon technology innovation in industrial transformation and upgrading,and a lower degree of indus-trial transformation and upgrading is not conducive to assisting intelligence in driving low-carbon technology innovation.As the degree of industrial transformation and upgrading improves and breaks through critical points,it has effectively played the empowering role of intel-ligence to a certain extent,thereby promoting low-carbon technological innovation,which means there is a U-shaped relationship.This research has important theoretical and practical significance for clarifying the driving mechanism,plan formulation,and policy implemen-tation of promoting regional low-carbon technology innovation in the digital economy era.
Este trabajo tiene como propósito explicar el difrasismo detrás de in ixtli, in yollotl (rostro y corazón) como un modo en el que se adquiría una personalidad a través de la educación que las madres y los padres enseñaban en el hogar, que a su vez era continuada por los tlamatinime (sabios), quienes compartían la sabiduría y guiaban por el camino de la verdad a los demás. A partir de la pregunta sobre el actuar humano se aspira al ideal náhuatl de persona, un proceso formativo con rasgos educativos de tipo personalista.
En más de una ocasión, el educador se enfrenta a la realidad de no lograr que los alumnos aprendan, independientemente del sistema educativo o el nivel en el que trabaje. Ante este fracaso, los docentes han tratado de corregir aspectos donde se pone en primer plano la disciplina, su filosofía, su epistemología; o bien la didáctica, sus métodos, sus estrategias, pero casi nunca se reflexiona sobre la propia concepción de la antropología del alumno. El alumno es una persona, por tanto, el ideal y los fines de la educación serán que el hombre vaya siendo una persona cada vez más perfecta como tal, que sea cada vez más persona. De esta manera, el fin de la educación humana, es la personalización, razón por la cual, educar es personalizar. Así, los profesores tienen la grave responsabilidad de contribuir al “despertar de la persona” en los alumnos y esta noble tarea es factible si se emplea el vehículo del amor y la comprensión, al tiempo que también los docentes prosiguen en su propia ruta de crecer como personas. Sin duda, el mejor escenario donde esto puede promoverse es en la relación interpersonal que se establece en el aula, independientemente de la asignatura de que se trate.
La primera mitad del siglo XX representa para la historia de la humanidad una etapa mundialmente convulsa, donde se vive una enorme tensión política, económica y social que provocarán dos Guerras Mundiales. Una época de grandes cambios políticos, económicos y sociales en Europa pero también de una fuerte crisis intelectual y moral. Ante ella algunos filósofos van a coincidir en un marco ideológico, en una actitud y en una perspectiva común: colocar a la persona en el centro de la reflexión y de la estructura antropológico conceptual surgiendo así el llamado “personalismo”. La presente exposición pretende dar un panorama general sobre los orígenes históricos y culturales del Personalismo y las tendencias filosóficas que influyeron en sus pensadores, resaltando la importancia del contexto político, económico, social y cultural para su formación y la relevancia de su pensamiento en este contexto.
