The United States is the most important external guarantor of Poland’s security. For this reason, the Polish authorities have been seeking the closest possible allied relations with the USA for years, including its military presence on Polish territory. The outbreak of a full-scale war in Ukraine confirmed that the threat from Russia still exists and that it is necessary to increase deterrence and defense on NATO’s eastern flank. The aim of this article is to analyze and assess the possibility of locating a permanent base of the US Armed Forces in Poland in the context of the war in Ukraine. The hypothesis assumes that with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the chance of permanent US military stationing in Poland has increased. We are currently observing a shift in the center of gravity of European security from Western Europe to Central and Eastern Europe. Due to Poland’s close relations with the US, increasing military potential, and a decisive response to the war in Ukraine, the American authorities perceive Poland as an increasingly important pillar of European security. The prevailing view among American scientists and experts is that after the outbreak of a full-scale war in Ukraine, the permanent stationing of US troops in Poland has become more realistic. However, such a decision will probably not be made during the war, as it could negatively affect its course. The final decision on this issue will depend largely on how the war in Ukraine ends. In addition, Poland must convince the US that it can competently bear responsibility for the security of NATO’s eastern flank. As part of the research, interviews were conducted with American scientists and experts. The article also used the method of content analysis of text sources.
The subject of the research work is the countries of the Three Seas Initiative, the Balkans, the South Caucasus, and the Middle East, which are creating new trade routes with a global dimension. The adopted research question is: What is the significance of the Balkans, South Caucasus, and Middle East Triangle for the role and position of Central and Eastern Europe implementing the Three Seas Initiative? To obtain an answer to the research question, proper methods were applied, which include historical and structural analysis, as well as case studies based on neorealism. They contributed to the thesis, claiming that this geopolitical triangle will provide a dynamic growth of the Three Seas Initiative’s states’ power in international relations as a global hub for trade and expanding economic and political balance of power. However, the key issue is the identity of Central and Eastern Europe, which shapes interests and the position in international relations. The results show the significance and importance of answering the research question because they help explain the process of shaping the new world order, in which supply chains and trade routes are key elements.
Energy security remains a multifaceted and dynamic concept influenced by a variety of factors, including geopolitical developments, technological advances, and environmental considerations. The field continues to evolve, addressing new challenges and striving to balance competing objectives for a resilient and sustainable energy future. Traditional approaches to state security usually focus on military, political, economic, social, and environmental threats. The analysis of offshore wind energy technology, particularly floating wind farms, presents critical insights into how this sector can stimulate economic growth, enhance local employment opportunities, and foster sustainable community development. The exploration of Spain’s ambitious energy goals, in the context of its National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan, highlights the economic strategies employed to transition toward a sustainable energy model. The development of offshore wind energy in Spain reflects a commitment to increasing renewable energy production while considering the potential impacts on local communities, marine transportation and navigation in the territory. Spain‘s ambitious goals include generating 48% of its energy consumption from renewable sources by 2030, alongside a significant push for offshore wind capacity with plans to install 3,000 megawatts of floating wind capacity, Spain has a target to become a leader in this sector. However, managing offshore wind projects requires careful planning to mitigate disruptions to submarine noise and marine ecosystems considering locations fo wind resource, permissions, technical knowledge and strategical structures. Proposed allocations from wind farm revenues include funding for community projects, support for the investments in sustainable infrastructure. Offshore wind energy can contribute significantly to environmental sustainability while fostering socioeconomic development, promoting a balanced approach to renewable energy initiatives with an attractive financial plan.
The aim of this article is to analyze the postmodern concept of time in Zygmunt Bauman’s approach and to assess whether its evolution constitutes a challenge, a threat, or a potential source of risk for contemporary societies.The research method involves an analysis of selected texts on consumer society, comparing them with different historical perceptions of time. The findings will be presented in the form of conclusions related to the message directed at consumers.The primary conclusion of the article is as follows: In the consumer society, individuals focus on the present, with consumption-driven stimuli diverting their attention from the continuity of time. As a result, an increasing number of people fail to consider the future. The absence of a long-term perspective limits the ability to prepare for it, hindering efforts to prevent emerging threats. Viewing time as fragmented, rather than continuous, is not conducive to self-improvement, achieving long-term goals, or addressing challenges such as climate change, wars, or diseases.
In 21st-century Poland, the teaching profession faces a profound contradiction: whilst teachers are socially respected for their authority and mission, they experience significant labour precarity characterised by inadequate compensation and often challenging working conditions. This study examines the position of Polish teachers through two major angles: the Teacher-Citizen concept and the profession’s pronounced feminisation, with women comprising 84% of the teaching workforce.The study then applies Guy Standing’s labour security classification and employs mixed methods including analysis of online forums, policy documents, and interviews with female teachers, revealing acute challenges in three key areas: income security (with salaries among the EU’s lowest), work security (unpaid overtime and blurred work-life boundaries), and labour market security (critical staffing shortages). Analysis of 2023 parliamentary election manifestos reveal a significant gap between political promises and policy implementation regarding teacher welfare. Despite widespread rhetoric about salary increases, substantive improvements remain limited. The research concludes that addressing teacher precarity requires comprehensive national policy intervention, including substantial salary increases and recognition of the gendered dimensions of educational labour, with broader implications for understanding labour precarity in feminised public sector professions across Europe.
