Objective To investigate the polymorphic forms of paeonol and their influences on in vitro dissolution. Methods The polymorphic paeonol powder was prepared by a single solvent recrystal-lization method. The crystal forms of paeonol were separately measured and analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometer（XRPD）, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, scanning electronic microscopy（SEM） and thermal analysis（TA）. The dissolution curves of different crystal forms in 4 dissolution media were determined and compared by dissolution experiments. Results Significant differences of 6 types of crystal forms of paeonol（Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ） were observed in the XRPD, FT-IR, TA and SEM. The dissolution behaviors of different crystal forms in four dissolution media were also obviously different, in which the crystal type Ⅲ was the fastest, while the type Ⅰ was the slowest in all of dissolution media. Conclusion The systematical study of polycrystalline form of paeonol has shown the differences of all crystal forms, which provides a basis for the crystal identification of paeonol as well as a guidance for the choice and development of advantageous crystal forms.
Objective To establish a rapid, accurate and nondestructive method for identification moldy Rhizoma Polygonatum based on the odor fingerprint. Methods The electronic nose was used to analyze the odor of Rhizoma Polygonatum samples, and the maximum response value of the sensors were extracted as the characteristic parameters. The rapid discriminant model of moldy Rhizoma Polygonatum was established by principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, stepwise discriminant and partial least squares discriminant analysis, respectively. Results The odor difference between moldy Rhizoma Polygonatum and Rhizoma Polygonatum was obvious. Electronic nose with chemometrics could distinguish the moldy Rhizoma Polygonatum with a high accuracy. Conclusion Electronic nose technology can accurately identify moldy Rhizoma Polygonatu, providing new technologies and methods for moldy traditional Chinese medicine rapid analysis.
Objective To study the difference of UPLC characteristic chromatogram between the fresh R.glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing. Methods Using fresh R. glutinosa as raw material,the fresh R. glutinosa extract powders were prepared by two processes of decocting and juicing; Gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase, flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, detection wavelength was 203 nm, column temperature was 30℃, determined the characteristic spectrum of each batch of fresh R. glutinosa extract powders. Combined with chemical pattern recognition methods such as multivariate statistical analysis, OPLS-DA, PCA and CA, the differences of fresh R. glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing were compared. Results A total of 10 common peaks were calibrated in the characteristic chromatogram of the extract powders of fresh R. glutinosa, and peak 3（catalpoi）, peak 4（rehmannioside）, peak 6（leonuride） were identified; Multivariate statistical analysis and OPLS-DA showed that the area of peak 1, peak 2, peak 5, peak 7, peak 9 and peak 10 were the most important factors leading to the difference in quality between fresh R. glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing. At the same time, PCA and CA could separate fresh R. glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing into two categories. Conclusion The established UPLC characteristic chromatogram can comprehensively and truly reflect the chemical composition differences of the fresh R. glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing, which can provide reference for the preparation technology, quality control and clinical use of modern prepartion of fresh R. glutinosa.
Objective To identify Piper kadsura and Piper hancei through molecular methods. Methods The total DNA were extracted from 31 samples from different geographical populations and Chinese medicine manufacturers. PsbA-trnH, matK, petA-psbJ and ITS were amplified, sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Moreover, 4 pairs of SSR primers were designed to amplify the chloroplast genomes and the results were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Results Among the 4 DNA barcodes, PsbA-trnH sequences had high similarity while others had some discrimination. The phylogenetic trees of matK and petA-psbJ barcodes were quiet similar, which shared the same clustering results with SSR, but different from ITS. Conclusion MatK and petA-psbJ are better than ITS and psbA-trnH to discriminate Piper kadsura and Piper hancei. The DNA barcode and SSR methods can be used to identify the germ plasm resource of Chinese medicine HaiFengTeng.
Objective To explore the correlation between effective component contents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and soil factors, and thereby to provide a basis for artificial cultivation and planting of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. in southern Shaanxi. Methods The contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A , tanshinone Ⅰ, cryptotanshinone,total tanshinones, salvianolic acid B and 12 inorganic elements in 24 batches of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. samples from different producing areas in southern Shaanxi were determined. The contents of 12 inorganic elements and 5 fertility indexes in corresponding planting soil were determined as well. Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to explore the key soil factors leading to the variation of effective component contents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Results The contents of Cr and Ni in soil were in positive correlation with tanshinone Ⅰ（P ＜ 0.05）. The contents of Cu, Co, Cr and Ni in soil were in positive correlation with cryptotanshinone（P ＜ 0.01）. The content of Co in soil was in positive correlation with tanshinone Ⅱ A （P ＜ 0.05）. The content of total tanshinones was in positive correlation with Cu, Cr（P ＜ 0.05）, as well as Co, Ni in soil（P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusion The main soil determining factors of tanshinones are Cu, Co, Cr, Ni. The monitoring of the Cu and Cd contents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and planting soil should be enhanced.
在中医药科学研究中,统计分析的正确选择是得到可靠结论的基本保证.不同的统计分析方法有各自的应用条件和适用范围,实际应用时,必须根据研究目的、资料的性质、设计方案以及样本含量大小等选择适当的统计分析方法,以期达到统计分析为科学研究服务的目的[1].
Puerarin is one of the major isoflavonoid compound isolated from the root of wild leguminous creepers. The mechanism of puerarin through regulateing neurotransmitters, improving synaptic plasticity,inhibiting the neuronal apoptosis and autophagy, promoting Aβ clearance, promoting blood vessel function recovery, decreasing inflammatory stress and oxidative stress responsesand other aspects are reviewed, so as to provide reference for the research and development of new drugs of puerarin protective effect on vascular dementia.
Objective To investigate the effect of Jianpi Huashi Tongluo Formula-containing serum on apoptosis and inflammation of synovial fibroblasts（FLSs） in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Methods The primary FLSs was isolated and cultured in the rat model of adjuvant arthritis by subcutaneous injection of Fredrich’s complete adjuvant. 10 times the clinical equivalent dose（3.24 mg/g） was given twice a day for 3 d by gavage to prepare the drug-containing serum. Cell CCK-8 was used to evaluate the effect of Jianpi Huashi Tongluo Formula on the proliferation of FLSs. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of Jianpi Huashi Tongluo Formula on the apoptosis of FLSs. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 inflammatory factors.Results The number of apoptotic cells in FLSs decreased. However, the proliferation rate of FLSs increased.The levels of IL-1β and IL-4 increased and the level of IL-10 decreased significantly. The serum containing Jianpi Huashi Tongluo Formula significantly increased the number of FLSs apoptotic cells, inhibited the proliferation rate of FLSs cells, decreased the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-4, and increased the expression level of IL-10.Conclusion Jianpi Huashi Tongluo Formula can effectively inhibit the proliferation of FLSs in adjuvant arthritis rats in vitro, promote apoptosis and enhance the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and reduce the level of inflammatory factors.
Objective To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker （QAMS）method for the simultaneous determination of atractylenolideⅢ,atractylenolideⅡ,atractylenolideⅠand atractone in Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome,and the determination of essential oil and alcohol-soluble extractives to evaluate the quality of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome from different origins.Methods The chromatography was performed on a Waters Sunfire C 18 column with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and water in gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a column temperature of 25℃with the detection wavelengths of 220 nm and 276 nm.The relative calibration factors of atractylenolideⅢ,atractylenolideⅡ,atractylenolideⅠand atractylone were determined and the contents of each component were calculated by using atractylenolideⅢas the internal reference,while the measured values were compared with the external standard method （ESM）to verify the feasibility of the QAMS method.The contents of essential oil and alcohol-soluble extractives of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome from different origins were determined with reference to the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Results There was no significant difference between the calculated values of each component in 25 batches of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome from different origins by QAMS and the actual measured values by ESM.Atractone and essential oil contents in Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome of Zhejiang origin were higher than those of other origins.Conclusion The established HPLC-QAMS method provides an accurate and low-cost multi-indicator quality evaluation method for Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome.The essential oil can be used as potential authentic markers of Zhejiang Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome.
Objective To explore the mechanism of Zhilou Lotion in treatment of hemorrhoids molecular docking and experimental validation. Methods The active constituents of Zhilou Lotion were searched by TCMSP, targets of Zhilou Lotion were retrieved from Swiss target Prediction, disease Targets were screened from OMIM, GeneCards and TTD. After taking the intersection between drug target and disease target, string database and Cytoscape were used to construct PPI network and the “ingredient-potential target” network to screen core targets and core ingredients. Potential targets were used for GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses to screen relevant pathways using Metascape. The mechanism of Zhilou Lotion for treatment of hemorrhoids was finally predicted and further verified by molecular docking using Autodock Vina, the rat perianal swelling model was constructed, and Zhilou Lotion or JinXuanZhiKeXunXiSan were used for treatment. The area of perianal swelling in rats and HE staining were used to comprehensively evaluate Pharmacodynamic effects,and immunohistochemical method was used to detect expression of the disease-related target TNF-α, MMP9.Results Zhilou Lotion screened out 7 core components including chrysophanol, gallic acid, hispidulin, 13core targets mainly including TNF-α, MMP9, IL-6, VEGFA, and 5 related signaling pathways involved in PI3K-Akt, TNF, IL-17, HIF-1, MAPK pathway. Molecular docking showed that the five core components of Zhilou Lotion had good binding activity to TNF-α, MMP9, IL-6 and VEGFA targets. The animal experiments showed that the perianal swelling area of the rats in Zhilou Lotion group was significantly reduced（P ＜0.01）, the pathological edema and congestion of the rectal tissue were correspondingly alleviated, and the levels of TNF-α and MMP9 were significantly reduced（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion Zhilou Lotion may play a therapeutic role by reducing the levels of TNF-α and MMP9, thereby reducing decongestion and eliminating edema.
Objective To determine the content of polysaccharide, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid in mulberry, and to provide the basis for the quality evaluation and control of mulberry. Methods The contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid were determined by UPLC method. The content of polysaccharide was determined by sulfuric acid-phenol method,the methodological validation was carried out, and the correlation analysis was carried out with the measured data. Results The calibration curve of polysaccharide, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid were linear in the range of 10.93-54.65 μg/mL（r = 0.999 3）, 0.61-39.32 μg/mL（r = 0.999 6）, 0.59-37.76 μg/mL（r = 0.999 9）and 0.57-36.52 μg/mL（r = 0.999 7）, respectively. The average recoveries were 103.26%, 104.18%, 103.16% and 103.44%. There was a positive correlation between chlorogenic acid content and cryptochlorogenic acid content in mulberry from different places. The contents of three phenolic acids, namely, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid were positively correlated in different batches of mulberry from the same origin.Conclusion The determination method of mulberry polysaccharide and phenolic acids has good repeatability,precision and stability. Correlation between the contents of polysaccharide and phenolic acids can provide scientific reference for mulberry quality control.
Objective To screen and optimize the inclusion process of Tianma capsule volatile oil. Methods Inclusion method of Tianma capsule volatile oil was screened with the yield of inclusion compound and inclusion rate of volatile oil-β-cyclodextrin and Box-Behnken was used to optimize the colloid mill inclusion process of Tianma capsule volatile oil. Results The optimal colloid mill inclusion process of Tianma capsule volatile oil was as follows: the ratio of β-cyclodextrin to Tianma capsule volatile oil was 9∶1, the ratio of water to β-cyclodextrin was 13∶1, and the inclusion time was 25 min. Under this condition, the inclusion rate was 79.07% and inclusion compound was 75.48%. Conclusion The inclusion process of Tianma capsule volatile oil by response surface method is better, stable and feasible. The model can be used for industrial production of the Tianma capsule volatile oil with colloid mill.
Objective To analyze and summarize the medication rules of the external patent compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetic foot based on the data mining technology, and provide reference for related research. Methods The patent retrieval and analysis system of the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China was selected to retrieve the external treatment patent compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for treating diabetic foot. Excel software was used to conduct frequency statistics of traditional Chinese medicine,four nature and five flavors of drugs and frequency analysis of meridian tropism. SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS statistics 26.0 software were used to conduct high-frequency drug association rule analysis and cluster analysis. Results A total of 128 Chinese herbal external treatment patent compounds were included in the treatment of diabetic foot, including 429Chinese herbal medicines. The first three Chinese medicines with high frequency were Angelica, Safflower and Frankincense.The drugs with the highest frequency were heat clearing drugs, blood activating and stasis removing drugs, and hemostatic drugs. The four nature were mainly cold, warm and calm. The five flavors were mainly bitter, bitter and sweet. Liver, lung,kidney and spleen meridians are the main meridians. The top drug pairs in association rules were myrrh, phellodendron frankincense, myrrh, safflower frankincense, myrrh, angelica frankincense, etc. The core drug network consists of 30traditional Chinese medicines. The cluster analysis obtained 7 kinds of drug compositions and 2 single drugs. Conclusion The patent compound of Chinese medicine for external treatment of diabetic foot mainly uses bitter cold, pungent and sweet drugs, which are mainly used to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and to replenish deficiency and clear away heat. After rational syndrome differentiation, different core drug combinations are selected for treatment.
Objective To explore the difference of mechanism caused by the intake of Jujuboside A and B on sleep intervention. Methods The Kunming mice with different doses of Jujuboside A and B were used as the research object, and their sleep status was evaluated by behavioral evaluation; TMT quantitative proteomic was used to analyze the differences in protein expression in the hypothalamus; Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the potential mechanism of drug intervention in sleep. Results The intake of Jujuboside A and B had a certain effect on the sleep state. The intake of Jujuboside A could cause 39 kinds of proteins in the hypothalamus to be up-regulated and 54 kinds of proteins to be down-regulated; the intake of Jujuboside B could cause 20 upregulated and 131 down-regulated. The key different expression proteins would affect the tight junctions process in the hypothalamus, and then interfere with the blood-brain barrier, however, there were differences in their influence ways. Conclusion The intake of Jujuboside A and B can improve sleep by affecting the blood-brain barrier, which provide a theoretical basis for the modern pharmacological analysis of the drug.
目的 观察溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者大肠湿热证候评分与Mayo活动指数、Th17细胞、Treg细胞的相关性及连草泻痢胶囊对大肠湿热证UC患者的临床疗效.方法 分析UC大肠湿热证候评分与Mayo活动指数、Th17细胞、Treg细胞的相关性.美沙拉嗪组予美沙拉嗪缓释颗粒治疗,连草泻痢组则加用连草泻痢胶囊.对两组治疗前后大肠湿热证候评分、Mayo活动指数、Th17细胞、Treg细胞水平进行对比,并评价其临床疗效.结果 大肠湿热证候评分与Mayo活动指数、Th17细胞存在显著正相关(P＜0.05),与Treg细胞相比存在显著负相关(P＜0.05).治疗后连草泻痢组大肠湿热证候评分、Mayo活动指数、Th17细胞及Th17/Treg细胞比例降幅与Treg细胞升幅均高于美沙拉嗪组(P＜0.05),总有效率亦高于美沙拉嗪组(P＜0.05).结论 Th17/Treg细胞比例能反应UC大肠湿热证型的严重程度;连草泻痢胶囊联合西药治疗UC效果明显,可能与其调控Th17/Treg细胞比例平衡有关.
目的 鉴定十二味参芍益脑合剂化学成分,进行大鼠血清药物化学研究.方法 采用Acquity UPLC HSS T3 色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μ m),以水(含0.1％甲酸和0.1％甲酸铵)-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正/负离子扫描模式采集质谱数据.大鼠灌胃10倍临床等效剂量,探究十二味参芍益脑合剂入血、入脑物质轮廓以及入血的代谢物.结果 从十二味参芍益脑合剂中共鉴定出24个化学成分,其中芹菜素、黄芩素和甘草素等14个物质经过对照品确证.血清中检测到16个原型成分和11个代谢物,在脑组织中鉴定得到11个原型成分和1个代谢物.结论 解析了十二味参芍益脑合剂的化学组成、制剂移行入血和入脑成分及其代谢物,可为该制剂的质量控制和药效物质基础的进一步研究提供实验依据.
萱草入药历史悠久,古今药用部位存在差异,现代仅以根入药,古代本草记载的药用部位还包含嫩苗、花等.通过整理历代本草文献,对萱草的名称、生境与品种及不同部位的功效主治进行了考证.结果表明,《本草拾遗》首次收载萱草,且开始区分药用部位,后世本草多采用"萱草""萱草根""萱草花"为正名.根据历代本草记载的植株描述,萱草具有根近肉质、中下部有纺锤状膨大、叶两边分垂且柔弱肥大、花朝开暮蔫、花金黄色、内花被裂片下部有"A"形采斑、结实三角、子大如梧子且黑而光泽等特点,故而古代的萱草与现代的萱草为同一品种,即百合科萱草属植物萱草Hemerocallis fulva(L.)L.,其生境、功效与主治从侧面也证实了这一结果.历代本草记载萱草以根、嫩苗、花为主要药用部位,现代中药著作一般仅收载根,明显与之不符.通过考证,有助于厘清萱草古今药用部位的实际情况,为萱草正本清源、正确用药及资源进一步开发利用提供参考依据.
目的 观察葛根汤治疗寒湿凝滞型原发性痛经(PD)的临床疗效及对患者血液流变学指标、前列腺素F2α(PGF2α)及血栓素(TXB2)的影响.方法 选取2021年1月至2022年6月在太仓市中医医院就诊的68例寒湿凝滞型原发性痛经患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例.治疗组予葛根汤治疗,对照组予"月月舒"痛经宝颗粒治疗.月经来潮前5 d两组开始服药,均连续服用10 d,下次月经来潮前5 d重复服药,连续服药3个月经周期,并随访3个月经周期.观察两组痛经症状评分、疼痛VAS评分、血液流变学变化、PGF2α、TXB2变化及临床疗效.结果 两组治疗后及随访时痛经症状评分及VAS评分均较治疗前降低(P＜0.05),治疗组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).两组治疗后不同切变率全血黏度(1/s、5/s、50/s、100/s、200/s)、血浆黏度均较治疗前明显下降(P＜0.05),且治疗组较对照组明显下降(P＜0.05).两组治疗后PGF2α均较治疗前明显下降(P＜0.05),治疗组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗组治疗后TXB2明显低于治疗前(P＜0.05),对照组TXB2治疗前后无明显变化(P＞0.05);两组组间比较治疗组TXB2值降低明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05).两组患者均未出现药物相关不良反应.结论 葛根汤能明显改善寒湿凝滞型原发性痛经患者的症状,其可能通过降低血液黏度、增强血液流动性、促进子宫微循环改善、抑制子宫平滑肌异常收缩,达到减轻疼痛的效果,且临床用药安全.
目的 探究商洛丹参的道地性与饮片等级评价标准.方法 收集陕西省商洛市六县一区13批次及外省6批次丹参样品,根据丹参根的直径大小,将丹参样品分为3个规格.采用HPLC法测定19批次丹参药材及39批次不同规格丹参饮片8个水溶性成分和4个脂溶性成分含量,运用指纹图谱及相似度评价系统、主成分分析及偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)对19批次不同产地丹参药材进行评价分析,根据各成分含量对不同规格丹参饮片进行等级判别分析.结果 指纹图谱及相似度评价及PCA分析显示来自商洛的13批次丹参分为一类,6批次外地丹参聚为一类,OPLS-DA分析共得到6个丹参差异性标志物.商洛丹参水溶性成分和脂溶性成分明显高于外省丹参,水溶性成分是外省丹参的1.5倍～2.5倍,脂溶性成分是外省丹参的3倍～6倍;不同规格丹参饮片水溶性成分含量与直径成正相关,脂溶性成分含量与直径成负相关.结论 商洛丹参具有道地性优势,不同规格饮片成分研究为丹参饮片等级划分提供了科学依据.
目的 研究肝豆灵(GDL)对Wilson病tx-j小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及机制.方法 25只tx-j小鼠随机分为模型组、GDL高、中、低剂量组、青霉胺组,每组5只,另设正常组5只.采用HE及Masson染色观察小鼠肝脏病理学改变,用ELISA法检测定ALT、AST、ALB、TBIL、TP、MDA、SOD、GSH-Px、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的活性或含量.结果 与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏切片观察到明显的炎性细胞浸润和纤维间隔形成,用药干预后肝脏病理程度较模型组明显恢复;与正常组相比,模型组ALT、AST、TBIL、TP、MDA、TNF-α、IL-1 β 和 IL-6 含量或活性均升高(P＜0.01),ALB、SOD、GSH-Px活性或含量降低(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,GDL高、中、低剂量组及青霉胺组AST、ALT、TBIL、TP、MAD、TNF-α、IL-1 β 和 IL-6 含量或活性降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),ALB、SOD、GSH-Px 含量升高(P＜0.05).结论 GDL对tx-j小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制氧化应激和炎症反应有关.
