We have studied structures of single walled carbon nanotubes and metal semiconductor transition for the symmetric breaking. It was found that band gap existed for metallic armchair single walled carbon nanotubes. Calculations were made to analyse the meta-stability of the corrugated structures of armchair single walled carbon nanotubes. The corrugated single walled carbon nanotube structures are always lower in energy than the non corrugated nanotubes. The curvature effect was that the corrugated structure breaks the local symmetry between different carbon atoms. A true gap is created which does not vanish even when an external magnetic field is swept. The corrugation length and band gap gaps are decaying functions of the nanotubes radius and approached zero for carbon nanotube such as graphene. This was also true for zigzag and chiral single wall carbon nanotubes. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
Rabi waves for the excitation of quantum nanoantennas with electrically controlled radiation and frequency characteristics were studied. The operational frequency of the visible range was based on the high frequency component of the current. The low frequency component and its operational frequency was in the terahertz range. The feature of the Rabi wave antenna depends on the carrier frequency on the electromagnetic field intensity. The contribution of high order magnetic multipoles became essential. The radiation properties of an antenna were the same as the ideal magnetic dipole. The antenna frequency spectrum corresponded to the amplitude modulated Rabi oscillations. The high frequency current was in the optical range in the vicinity of the quantum transition frequency. The radiation field of the nano antenna was considered equivalent to the field of magnetic dipole placed in the centre of current ring and oriented orthogonal to the ring plane. The equivalence was consequence of the electrical smallness of the antenna over the working range of frequency. The results obtained were in good agreement with previous results.
We have studied the nonlinear interaction between two different eigen modes in suspended carbon nanotube resonators. It was found that the mode coupling in suspended carbon nanotubes was dominated by single electron-tunneling process. For suspended carbon nanotube resonator at low temperatures using quantum dot embedded in the nanotube as detector, the interaction was found between two different eigen modes. For nanotube resonators in the coulomb blockade regime the nonlinear modal interaction was dominated by single electron tunneling as opposed to displacement induced tension. A strongly enhanced mode coupling was observed in the coulomb blockade regime which was of the order of magnitude larger than in conventional micro resonators. The obtained results found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
We have studied the asymmetric transmission in diffractive chiral metasurfaces consisting of nanoantennas. The study was made of lattice plasmon modes on the phenomenon of asymmetric transmission in chiral two dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles. It was demonstrated that asymmetric transmission resulted from contribution of higher order diffracted waves. It was shown that the isolated nanostructures has a fourfold rotational symmetry, the diffractive metasurfaces exhibited asymmetric transmission for normal incidence light within spectral range for which lattice plasmon modes were supported. It was found that lattice plasmon modes played role in enabling symmetric transmission in diffractive chiral metasurfaces. The symmetric transmission mechanism is due to different lattice plasmon mode excitation efficiencies of left circularly polarized and right circularly polarized and right circularly polarized light. The excitation efficiencies are controlled by tailoring the nano particles in plan distribution of scattered light for circularly polarized excitation and its alignment with the inplane diffraction orders of the metasurfaces. The phenomenon for a metasurface composed of an array of a chiral nanoparticles consisting of four nanoantennas. It was shown that the Rayleigh anomaly condition where the asymmetric transmission effect was strongest and metasurfaces supported lattice plasmon modes. It was found that the difference in the inplane scattered intensity varied as a function of the inplane angle around the nanostructure, rotating the nanostructure in the plane of the metasurface. The obtained results found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
A detailed proof of the incorrectness of the classical wave equation is proposed. The correct methodological basis for the proof is the unity of formal logic and rational dialectics. The proof leads to the following irrefutable statement: the classical wave equation and the derivation of the classical wave equation are a gross error in mathematics and physics. The proof of this statement is based on the following irrefutable main results: (1) The first gross error is the following approximate relationship: “sine of angle is approximately equal to tangent of angle; cosine of angle is approximately equal to 1”. This relationship means (implies) that the quantity of the angle and the right-angled triangle do not exist. Consequently, the relationship between the tangent of the angle and the derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate does not exist; (2) The second gross error is that the second-order derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate does not exist, because the dimensions of displacement and coordinate are “meter”, the first-order derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate is dimensionless quantity (i.e. the first-order derivative of the displacement respect to coordinate has no the dimension “meter”); (3) The third gross error is that the first-order derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate cannot be expanded into the Taylor series, because the second-order derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate does not exist; (4) The fourth gross error is as follows: (a) the left side of the wave equation contains the condition that time is a variable quantity, and the coordinate is a constant quantity; (b) the right side of the wave equation contains the condition that time is a constant, and the coordinate is a variable. This means (implies) that the equation contains contradictory conditions (propositions). Therefore, the equation represents a violation of the formal-logical law of the lack (absence) of contradiction; (5) The fifth gross error is that the standard derivation of the equation relies on the following false theories: negative number theory, complex numbers theory, trigonometry, vector calculus, differential calculus, and Newton's second law. Thus, the classical wave equation does not satisfy the criterion of truth and is not a scientific achievement.
We have studied thermal transport in nano-structured carbon nanotubes and have calculated its thermal conductance using the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. The thermal conductance of carbon nanotubes linearly depended on the width of the unzipped part of the carbon nanotube but exponentially decayed and then converged to a finite value of the unzipped length increased. But characteristics are unusual to common bulk materials but are universal to nano materials of nanotube and graphene like structures. An exponentially decayed thermal conductance with the length was found at interfaces. Electronic conductance was found to show an exponential thermal transport in carbon nanotubes showed features distinctly different from those in common bulk materials. Carbon nanotubes have been found strong structural imperfections; their thermal conductance exhibited unexpectedly perfect linear scaling behavior as the width of the unzipped part changed. As the unzipped length increased, thermal conductance exponentially decreased by the one dimensional atomic chain model. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previous results.
We have studied electronic conductance of nano composite polymer single walled nanotube with spin spray variant by using layer by layer technique. The study showed that there existed a critical number of polyelectrolyte bilayer below which the electronic conductance of the material was negligible. The sheet conductance increased above the critical value. This indicated that the material conductivity was controlled by the formation of a percolating network of highly conducting nanotubes in an insulating polymetric matrix. We have presented the dependence of junction resistance on the layer separation leaded to the logarithmic behavior. The quasi two dimensional model treated the nanotube as infinitely conducting rods with resistive junctions. A junction was formed when projections of two nanotubes on the plane of the material intersect. The junction resistance increased with inter layer separation. The results found were compared with previous results and were found in good agreement
In a previous article in this journal, December issue, we discuss among other things Potential use of water as fuel for cars etc, as per inventions by Puharich, Stan Meyer etc. Meanwhile, we acknowledged that such ideas are met with skepticism by many physicists, partly because experimenting with molecule resonance is not quite accepted yet. Therefore in this short review, we discuss a number of scientific reasoning to support experiments and patents such as by Dr Andrija Puharich and Stan Meyer et al. We argue for tetrahedral structure of water molecule, and then how certain frequency pulse input can trigger molecular resonance effect as per required for efficient electrolysis, and then we discuss possible interaction between low level laser pen and water molecule.
The expansion of the string coordinates is different curved surfaces and space times. A summation of uniformizing group elements is necessary at genus g ≥ 1. The invariances are listed for the sigma model action in a maximally curved space-time. Thecritical dimension is established through conditions on the quantum commutators.
The desingularization of a class of black hole space-times arising as solutions to the string equations is considered in connection with the consistency of the quantum theory and the description of nonperturbative states with quantum numbers from the particle spectrum. The geometry arising in an extreme limit of one of the singular solutions to the gravitational field equations is demonstrated to be a background of N = 2 string theory. The positivity of the masses in the particle spectrum is proven through quasilocal integrals near the resolved singularities in these limits of black hole space-times.
In the present work a novel polymer/metal oxide composites containing Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Ag2O nanoparticles (NP) were fabricated under room and elevated temperatures. The PVC/Ag2O NC has been fabricated to enhance the electronic application such as memory devices, sensors, electronic luminescent devices and medical applications. The Ag2O NP was synthesized by dropwise mixing process having 25 nm in size with spherical surface morphology. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was taken for (1) virgin PVC film (2) PVC/Ag2O NC and PVC/Ag2O (heat treated) Composites. The formation of absorbance peaks, their shifting, intensity and maximum absorbance values were considered in all the three C C, C-Cl and C-H classified stretching modes of vibrations for different composites. It was found in C-C stretch range the virgin PVC back bone chain occurs at 1101 cm-1 which shifted to 1076 cm-1 for PVC/Ag2O NC, further shift is evident for PVC/Ag2O (heat treated) Composites at 1151 cm-1. In addition rocking vibration and wagging of methylene group changes in the same fashion. The change in spectral feature takes places due to filling of Ag2O NP in PVC matrix, indicates that changes in dipole moments occur as a result of molecular vibrations. It is also observed the absorbance peaks value is high for virgin PVC film for all modes of stretching vibration, which decreases for Ag2O/PVC (NC) further decrease is evident for Ag2O/PVC (NC) heat treated composite.
In recent years, there are a number of proposals to consider collision-based soliton computer based on certain chemical reactions, namely Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, which leads to soliton solutions of coupled Nonlinear Schroedinger equations. They are called Manakov System. But it seems to us that such a soliton computer model can also be based on solitary wave solution of Maxwell-Dirac equation, which reduces to Choquard equation. And soliton solution of Choquard equation has been investigated by many researchers, therefore it seems more profound from physics perspective. However, we consider both schemes of soliton computer are equally possible. More researches are needed to verify our proposition.
We have studied the electronic structure of silicon dopants which is necessary for implementation of spin based qubits in silicon. Description of dopant in silicon is therefore useful both as a benchmark and for determining the details of the electronic structure of an isolated dopant which can subsequently be used to calculate more accurate spin dependent scattering cross sections. These calculation have been able to perform large scale calculations using the computational resources. We have performed two electron Hartree-Fock calculations within effective mass theory. These efforts include calculating the effects of applied electric and magnetic fields and the coupling of two donors via exchange interaction. Tight binding calculations have also been performed including a calculation of the quadratic stark coefficient of the hyper interaction. We have found an unprecedented level of structure in the doping potentials and densities and wave functions. Due to oscillatory nature of doping potentials, the exchange coupling between qubits obtained by extrapolating our results to smaller distances was found to be less than estimates based on the Heitler-London approximation. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
Molecular dynamic study of benzene sulfonamide based compounds was carried out to compute several properties like phonon density of states, atomic electric potential and electric field gradient tensor components and then compared. This work establishes the correlation between physical properties and the quantity of carbon atoms in a molecule. The GULP program was used to do all the calculations and reported single crystal data.
We have studied strong correlation effects and localization in metallic systems. Strong correlation effects and localization occurred in metallic systems due to strong electron-electron interactions and strong electron phonon coupling. Strong electron-phonon interactions have been found in such materials as cuprates, fullerides and manganites. The interplay of electronelectron and electron-phonon interactions in these correlated systems leaded to coexistence of or competition between various phases such as super conductivity, charge-density-wave or spin-density wave phases or formation of novel non Fermi liquid phases, polarons, bipolarons and so on. We have considered Holstein-Hubbard model for our work. The Holstein-Hubbard model provides on over simplified description of both electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, it retains to be the relevant ingredients of a system in which electrons experience simultaneously an instantaneous short range repulsion and a phononmediated retarded attraction. In spite of its formal simplicity, it is not exactly solvable even in one dimension. So quantum simulators of Fermi-Hubbard modes based on either fermionic atoms inoptical lattice or electrons in artificial quantum dot crystals have been used. In our work a classical analog simulator was theoretically proposed for the two site Holstein-Hubbard model based on light transport in engineered waveguide lattices, which is capable of reproducing the temporal dynamics of the quantum model in Fock space as spatial evolution in photonic lattice. We have found that in the strong correlation regime the periodic temporal dynamics exhibited by the Holstein-Hubbard Hamiltonian, related to the excitation Holstein polarons has been explained in terms of generalized Bloch oscillations of a single particle in a semi-infinite inhomogeneous tight binding lattice. Light transport in two dimensional photonic lattices simulated in Fock space the hopping dynamics of two correlated electrons on a one dimensional lattice and exploited to visualize such phenomena as correlated tunneling of bond electron-electron molecules and their coherent motion under the action of d.c. or a.c. fields. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previous results.
The critical analysis of the foundations of the standard theory of harmonic oscillations is proposed. The unity of formal logic and rational dialectics is methodological basis of the analysis. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this theory represents gross error. The substantiation (validation) of this statement is the following main results. I. In the case of the material point suspended on the elastic spring, the linear differential equation of harmonic oscillations is the equation (condition) of balance of Newton's force (Newton's second law) and “Hooke's force” (“Hooke's law” as pseudolaw). This equation contains the following gross methodological errors: (a) the differential equation of motion of the material point does not satisfy the dialectical principle of the unity of the qualitative and quantitative determinacy of physical quantities (i.e., Newton's force and Hooke's force). In other words, the left and right sides of the differential equation (i.e., the equation of balance of the forces) have no identical qualitative determinacy: the left side of the the equation of balance of the forces represents Newton's force, and the right side of the the equation of balance of the forces represents the “Hooke's force” (as pseudolaw); (b) the sum of Newton's force and the “Hooke force” (as pseudolaw) in the the equation of balance of the forces is equal to zero. This means that the sum of the numerical values of Newton's force and “Hooke's force” (as pseudolaw) is equal to zero. Consequently, the numerical values of Newton's force and “Hooke's force” (as pseudolaw) are equal to zero in the region of neutral real numbers. This means that the equation of balance of the forces is incorrect; (c) “Hooke's force” (as pseudolaw) in the equation of balance of the forces represents the product of the spring constant (coefficient of stiffness of the spring) and the coordinate of the material point. In this case, “Hooke's force” (as pseudolaw) does not represent Hooke's law. “Hooke's force” (as pseudolaw) contradicts to Hooke's law because the coordinate of rhe material point does not determine the spring constant (coefficient of stiffness of the spring). “Hooke's force” (as pseudolaw) has the dimension of Newton's force. But, as the practice of measurement of Hooke's force with the help of a dynamometer shows, the dynamometer readings are real neutral numbers with the dimension “kilogram-force”; (d) the mathematical operation of division of the equation of balance of the forces by the mass of the material point leads to the linear equation of balance of the accelerations of the material point. In this case, the mathematical operation gives rise to the term “frequency”: (spring stiffness coefficient)-to-(mass) ratio is “squared frequency”. But the spring stiffness coefficient is the constant that does not define the concept of frequency. Therefore, the quantity of the acceleration of the material point does not define the concept of the frequency of periodic motion; (e) the solution of the linear differential equation of balance of the accelerations of the material point has imaginary roots. This leads to the following contradiction: the coordinate of the material point is both an exponential function and a trigonometric function. II. In the case of oscillations of the mathematical pendulum, the linear differential equation of harmonic oscillations of the material point suspended on the inextensible thread represents a mathematical description of the angular displacement of the inextensible thread in the Cartesian coordinate system. This equation is a mathematical consequence of the standard differential equation of the rotational motion dynamics and contains the following gross methodological errors: (a) the differential equation of motion of the material point suspended on the inextensible thread does not satisfy the dialectical principle of the unity of the qualitative and quantitative determinacy of physical quantities (i.e., the physical quantity of rate of change of the angular momentum (moment of momentum) and the physical quantity of moment of the acting force). This equation expresses the condition of balance of the rate of change of the angular momentum (moment of momentum) and the moment of the acting force. Gross error is that the left and right sides of the balance equation have no identical qualitative determinacy: the left side of the balance equation is the rate of change of the angular momentum (moment of momentum), and the right side of the balance equation is the moment of the acting force; (b) the sum of the rate of change of the angular momentum and the moment of the acting force is equal to zero in the balance equation. This means that the sum of the numerical values of the rate of change of the angular momentum and the moment of the acting force is equal to zero. Consequently, the numerical values of the rate of change of the angular momentum and the moment of the acting force are equal to zero in the region of neutral real numbers. This means that the balance equation is incorrect; (c) the mathematical operation of division of the equation of balance of the rate of change of the angular momentum and the moment of the acting force by the mass of the material point and the square of the thread length results in the equation of balance of the angular accelerations. In this case, the mathematical operation results in the term “frequency” (“squared frequency”). But the quantity of the angular acceleration does not determine the frequency of the periodic motion; (d) the linear differential equation of balance of the angular accelerations is analogous to the linear differential equation of balance of the accelerations of the material point suspended on the spring. Therefore, the solution of the linear differential equation of balance of the angular accelerations has imaginary roots and leads to the following contradiction: the angle of displacement of the pendulum from the equilibrium position is both an exponential function and a trigonometric function.
Nowadays, great effort has been focused on various kinds of batteries commonly referred to as electric energy storage systems (EESS), such as lithium-related batteries, sodium-related batteries, zinc-related batteries, aluminum-related batteries and so on. Some cathodes can be used for these batteries, such as sulfur, oxygen, layered compounds. In the present article, let us consider the basic battery configuration, i.e. they are mostly composed of cathode and anode metals. Such a classic system can be considered as ”two elements” model. Based on Neutrosophic Logic as developed by one of us (FS), we consider in this paper that actually we can extend it further to become a Neutrosophic battery system, consists of three-elements (or may be more), i.e. cathode-anode-catalyst system. The catalytic electrolyte method is found to be significant to achieve high-performance battery.
In recent years, it becomes clear that ITER project in France, as one of the largest experimental fusion reactors underway, is far away from achieving net energy production. In this review article, we presented a short communication this week with Robert Neil Boyd, a senior physicist who happens to have his own working design of fusion reactor in the past. We hope that this transcript of our communication with him (as per 15-17th Nov. 2021) may be found useful for younger scientists.
We have studied about leakage radiation images obtained for two different dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides based on routing structures; linear couplers and bent waveguides. By simultaneously imaging the conjugated aperture and field planes of the microscope, we unambiguously quantify the degeneracy lift occurring for strongly interacting dielectric loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides and visualize the symmetry of the coupled modes. We have obtained the wave vector distribution and showed its evolution with the bend radius. We have developed a numerical and an analytical analysis for momentum distribution. We have found that for large radii i.e. for vanishing bending loss, we can link the plasmon in Fourier space with the geometrical and modal properties of the bend structure. It was also found that the radial dependence of the wave vector distribution is governed by the phase difference. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
