Introduction: Pain after surgery is an unpleasant experience. This process causes physiological disorders in all systems of the body. Methods: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial study, 60 patients with anesthesia class I and II underwent upper limb orthopedic surgery. Patients were randomly divided into intravenous and control ibuprofen. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate before surgery, 1, 10 and 20 minutes after surgery were recorded. Pain was measured before, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Results: Ibuprofen and control groups were similar in terms of gender, age, BMI and ASA. The results of Chi-square test showed that in recovery and 6 and 12 hours after surgery, pain in patients in the ibuprofen group was significantly less than the control group (P <0.05). Also, the intragroup pain trend was significant in ibuprofen and control groups (P <0.05). Mean pain in ibuprofen group decreased more than control (P <0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that intravenous ibuprofen is better in controlling pain intensity and drug use than the control group. Ibuprofen seems to be very effective in controlling pain and postoperative drug use in orthopedic surgeries.
Introduction: Clinical trials are a common type of medical research that has grown in number over the past decade. Intervention studies or trials are the most authoritative type of epidemiological studies and provide the strongest evidence of causation and effect relationships between phenomena. Despite the usefulness of many of these studies, potential bias can distort the results of the study. Therefore, in this study, we investigated a summary of the types of clinical trials studies, design and possible biases.
Abstract: Introduction: Covid-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus. Pregnant women are among the groups at risk of this disease. Due to the prevalence of this disease, pregnant women are more likely to be infected. This study evaluates the improvement of clinical symptoms in pregnant women with Covid 19 19 with the herbal medicine Termino One. Case Report: The patient is a 40-year-old pregnant woman with a complaint of fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose, body aches and complete loss of sense of smell, referred to an internal medicine specialist in Lamerd. This patient, after taking the drugs recommended by the relevant doctor and not concluding, refuses to continue treatment with modern medicine and starts using herbal medicines under the supervision of a traditional medicine doctor. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the combination of herbs of Termino One herbal medicine could improve the patientchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s clinical symptoms. According to the patient, this herbal medicine has had the greatest effect in improving cough, sore throat and shortness of breath.
Backgrounds and Objectives: Adipokine Adipsin is one of the important adipose tissue proteins and has a beneficial role in maintaining beta cell function. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 12-week rhythmic combined training on plasma adipsin levels and insulin resistance in Multiple Sclerosis Patients (MS) women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 96 female patients with MS were selected on the basis of disability levels and divided into three groups, low disability (n=44), moderate disability (n=26) and sever disability (n=26). Training program include 12 weeks combined training, three sessions per week and 45 to 60 minute for each session. Resting levels of Adipsin and Insulin Resistance were measured 24 h before and 48 h after training programs Results: The findings showed that after 12 weeks of combine training, plasma adipsin levels in low disability group significantly decrease (p=0.002). Also, 12 weeks of combined exercise significantly decreased insulin resistance in the low and severe disability group, but no significant decrease in the group with moderate disability. Conclusions: Therefore, combine training induce changes in weight, body fat percentage, BMI and waist circumference, lipids profile and decrease the plasma adipsin level in MS women
Introduction: Drugs and supplements containing ephedra extract have been always noticed by researchers as a plant known for weight loss and control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ephedra hydroalcoholic extract on serum adiponectin level and body weight in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 5 equal groups including: control (without receiving any substances), sham (receiving 1 mL of distilled water), experimental group 1 (recipient of 250 mg/kg ephedra hydroalcoholic extract), experimental group 2 (recipient of 500 mg/kg ephedra hydroalcoholic extract) and experimental group 3 (recipient of 1000 mg/kg ephedra hydroalcoholic extract). In the experimental groups, the extract was administered by gavage for 28 days. On the 29th day, blood samples were taken from the rats to check the serum levels of the hormone adiponectin. Body weight of rats was also measured daily during the experimental period. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS software and Duncan test. Results: Doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg of ephedra hydroalcoholic extract caused a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin and also a decrease in body weight compared to the control and sham groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Ephedra hydroalcoholic extract reduces body weight by increasing serum levels of the hormone adiponectin. Keywords: Ephedra, adiponectin, body weight, rat
Introduction: Wound healing and care caused by burns, diabetes, traumatic injury as well as surgery. Case Report: The patient is an 18-year-old man with a complaint of injury to the last finger ring of the left hand and active bleeding from the site of the injury following work in a carpentry workshop, referred to the emergency department of Marvdasht Hospital. After referring to an orthopedic specialist and suggesting tissue repair in the operating room by the doctor, this patient refuses to continue treatment and tries to repair the damaged tissue by traditional methods. The compounds used by a person who masters the rules of traditional Iranian medicine are known as a comprehensive elixir and include a combination of saffron and honey to reduce infection, and a combination of cardamom, white fennel and ginger for healing and a combination of white pepper as a painkiller. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the combination of herbs with a comprehensive elixir could heal the injury. Such wounds require the use of antibiotics due to the risk of osteomyelitis. Therefore, topical application of this herbal compound has shown both antibiotic and restorative properties.
Introduction: Postoperative pain is an unpleasant experience. This process causes physiological disorders in all systems of the body. Clonidine as an alpha dual agonist is one of the drugs used to control pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of oral clonidine on pain control and opioid use after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial study, 50 patients with class I and II anesthesia underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomly divided into oral and control clonidine groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and intraoperative heart rate were recorded. Pain was measured in recovery, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Postoperative drug use was recorded in both groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The studied groups are similar in terms of demographic variables of age, weight, height, body mass index and gender. The results of chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between clonidine and control groups in terms of pain at zero, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. (P<0.001). The results of chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between the control and clonidine groups in receiving pethidine. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that oral clonidine is more effective in controlling pain intensity and drug use than the control group. Oral clonidine laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery seems to be effective in controlling pain and postoperative drug use.
Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, with an increasing incidence and mortality rate. In the present study, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of spirulina platensis extract on PC-3 prostate adenocarcinoma cell line were investigated. Methods: In the present experimental study, the PC-3 prostatic cancer cells were treated in four experimental with 400, 200, 100 and 50 μg / ml extract of spirulina and incubated at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTS kit (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-Carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium, Inner Salt) and apoptosis was analyzed by flow- cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturer protocol in both times. Statistical analysis was accomplished by ANOVA and Duncan tests using FlowJo and SPSS 16 software. Results: In the experimental groups treated with extract of spirulina, the viability of the cells showed a decrease compared to control group, while this decrease was more noticeable in the experimental group of 100 μg / ml at both incubation times (<0.0071).Increased incidence of apoptosis was significantly higher in the experimental groups than the control group. However, this increase was significantly higher than the control group at concentrations of 200 μg / ml in 24h incubation time (Ƥ < 0.0331) and 100 μg / ml of 48h incubation time (Ƥ < 0.0502). Conclusion: Extract of Spirulina at specific concentrations reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis in PC-3 prostatic cancer cells. Evidence suggests that spirulina can be used as an anticancer drug for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Introduction: Free –living Amoeba (FLA) are microorganisms that are abundant in the nature. Some genus of these protozoa are opportunistic and cause granulomatous encephalitis and lung infections in immunocompromised people such as cancer patients. Due to the little information about the status of infection of these parasites in the above patients, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of FLA in cancer patients in Kashan hospitals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on hundred oral cavity mucosal samples of cancer patients referred to Shahid Beheshti and Yathribi hospitals in Kashan during 2019 to 2020. The samples were cultured onto 1.5% Non-nutrient agar enriched with killed Escherichia coli and examined for the presence of FLA. The rate of contamination with free living amoebae and its relationship with demographic information of patients were analyzed by SPss. 16 Results: Overall, the prevalence of free-living amoeba in oral cavity of cancer patients was 89%. Also, 92.6% of breast cancer and 90.9% of bowel cancer patients were positive for FLA, respectively. The highest rate of FLA contamination was observed in women over the age of 66 years. In addition, the highest rate was observed in 90.9% of illiterate people and the lowest in 76.9% of academics, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: The rate of free-living amoeba in oral cavity of cancer patients in Kashan were more than the study results of Iran and world. Therefore, health education about transmission and sanitation is recommended for prevention of infection.
Introduction: Immunoglobulins (Igs) are defensive glycoproteins specifically recognize and destroy pathogens. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is most abundant Ig in serum has important protective role against infections. Fragment of crystallizable (Fc) in IgG has essential role in pathogens destruction. Determination the physicochemical properties of IgG Fc is useful in well recognition of its function, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Bioinformatic is an efficient scientific field uses abundant biological information collected in computers for solving biologic problems. Aim of this study is recognition the physicochemical features of human IgGFc by bioinformatic. Materials and Methods: Amino acid sequence and third structure of reference human IgG were found in PDB (Protein Data Bank) database. Second IgG structure was determined by Protein Homology/analogY Recognition Engine V 2 (Phyre 2) software. Physicochemical properties (felexibility, accessibility and hydrophilicity) of IgGFc fragment were identified by IEDB (Immune Epitope Database) software. Results: According to results of this study, most accessibe, hydrophilic and felexible sites of IgGFc fragment were located to 200 – 450 amino acid sequences. Moreover most accessibe, hydrophilic and felexible positions were overlapped in 291300 and 381400 amino acid sequences and could be most probable locations of epitopes. Conclusion: Physicochemical properties of IgGFc fragment identified in present study are valuable in more exact recognition of IgG functions and its immunogenic epitopes which could be helpful in producing of specific monoclonal anti IgG antibodies for production IgG diagnostic tools, optimizing existing kits, development of similar proteins for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and phylogenic studies.
Background: This study aimed to determine the causes of sudden dyspnea in pregnant women referred to the hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019 and to investigate the relationship between these causes and dimer changes in these patients. Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, 50 pregnant women with sudden dyspnea complaints were referred to the internal ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in the Urmia and Kosar ward of Motahhari Hospital in Urmia 2018-2019 were included in the study. Information about D-dimer changes and other paraclinical findings were entered into unique forms, and the results were analyzed after entering SPSS software. Results: In this study, between 50 pregnant women, 20 women had positive D-dimer, of which 16 had positive D-dimer with a known pathological cause, and only 4 had high D-dimer without any clinical or paraclinical findings. Of the thirty patients with negative D- dimer, none had a detectable pathological disease. Chi-Square test (showed a positive and significant relationship between D-dimer and pathological events during pregnancy) p <0.0001 ( Conclusion: The results obtained in patientschr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))) treatment process in this study indicate that the increase in D-dimer during pregnancy is due to thromboembolic events or other pathological changes and disorders.
Introduction: Current medications used for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) such as mercaptopurine target molecular factors involved in its onset and progression including DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) because these enzymes are implicated in methylation and therefore expression of genes which are related to cell proliferation. This study evaluated the effect of mercaptopurine on the DNMT3A gene expression. Materials and Methods: The study was an analytical study of before and after type, performed on 8 children with B-cell ALL referred to children’s medical center of Tehran enrolled by convenience sampling. Their blood samples were taken in pre-treatment phase as well as 2 months after treatment with mercaptopurine. Ten healthy children referred to Yazd central medical laboratory were also sampled. RNA was extracted from the blood samples, and DNMT3A gene expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: DNMT3A gene expression in patients with B-cell ALL who received mercaptopurine was significantly higher compared with pre-treatment time (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Increased expression of this regulatory gene occurred due to drug mercaptopurine. So, the mechanism of action of this drug may be through epigenetic processes due to higher methylation of DNA in leukemic cells.
Introduction: A novel coronavirus has recently been discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019 named SARS-COV-2. Sensitive molecular assays are now available for detection of SARS-COV-2. The aims of this study were to detect positive subjects of SARS-COV-2 and to survey some challenges that are encountered practically in detection of the virus by Real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) technique. Materials and methods: 271 subjects including 105 women and 166 men were registered by census method from 15 April to 15 Jun of 2020. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples of suspicious cases were collected for RNA extraction to identify SARS-COV-2 by rRT-PCR amplification. Results: 69% of the positive SARS-COV-2 patients over the age 50 were men. However, technically the results showed that in the time period of 15 April to 15 May of 2020 the contents of received rRT - PCR kits were infected with positive control. 8 % of certain negative control samples showed a signal resembling to that of the positive samples in the rRT - PCR process. In addition, the results showed that in some of the rRT - PCR kits the master mix would produce signals like positive control without adding the sample to it automatically in 7 % of the tests. Conclusion: Having different types of negative control for diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 is necessary to reduce the chance of having false positive results.
Background: Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy of cancer, it is still the main cause of death worldwide. Cyclophosphamide is one of the major drugs for lymphoma treatment. However, the anti-lymphoma effects of cyclophosphamide on micro-RNA expression are still unclear, especially in B cell lymphomas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cyclophosphamide on miRNA-15a genes expression in Epstein‐Barr‐Virus (EBV)-infected transformed B cell. Material and Methods: In this study, the effects of cyclophosphamide on CO 88BV59-1 LCL – an EBV infected transformed B cell was evaluated. The cells were treated with cyclophosphamide (0.05-50 µM), for 3 days. The cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated using MTT, and flow cytometry techniques, respectively. Also, miRNA-15a genes expression were determined by real-time PCR. Results: Cyclophosphamide significantly inhibited proliferation and induced cell death in the cell-line in a dose and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in the expression of miRNA-15a3p and miRNA-15a5p in treated cells compared to untreated cells (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide on CO 88BV59-1 LCL is not related to miRNA-15a3p and miRNA-15a5p expressions.
Background & Objectives: The critical conditions of the epidemic covid-19 may have different effects on the rate of mortality of other people in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the evaluation of mortality trend before and after the onset of Corona crisis in Jahrom County, south of Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was performed by secondary data analysis death certificate during 2016-2020. The studied variables were collected based on a checklist from the data of the death registration system of the health center and also mortality statistics announced by the organization for civil registration. Results: In a total of 3785 deaths occurred during the study period, of which 2250 (59.5%) were in male and the rest were female. The average annual number of deaths before and after the Corona epidemic was 701 and 981, respectively. Cardiovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and cancer were the three leading causes of death before the onset of Corona crisis, respectively, and cardiovascular disease, Covid-19, and cerebrovascular disease were the most common causes of death after the onset of Corona crisis, respectively. After the Corona crisis, the cause of death from road accidents and cancer was reduced by 32.60% to 48.61% and the Influenza-like illness was increased by 110.25%. Conclusion: The average number of deaths occurred after the Corona epidemic has increased by 39% compared to before the epidemic. Cardiovascular diseases are the first and most common causes of death in Jahrom before and after the Corona epidemic.
Introduction: lncRNAs play their roles in cell growth, transcription, translation, and apoptosis. UCA1 is a type of lncRNA has a direct relationship with ovarian cancer. More than half of the women with ovarian cancer die within less than five years from the disease diagnosis. This study aims to knockout of UCA1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in SK-OV-3 cell and studying its effect on cell factors involved in cancer progress and apoptosis. Materials and Methods: Two types of sgRNAs for UCA1 gene were designed. sgRNAs were cloned after synthesis in two vectors of PX459. The SK-OV-3 cell was transfected with two vectors carrying sgRNAs. The expression of FAS, BAK, BAX, and P53 pro-apoptosis genes and BCL2 and SURVIVIN anti-apoptosis genes were evaluated using the q-PCR. Besides, the cell proliferation rate and apoptosis induction were studied using MTT and flowcytometry. Results: The result showed the successful knockout of the UCA1 gene in the SK-OV-3 cell line. The expression of FAS, BAK, BAX, and P53 genes showed a meaningful increase related to the expression in manipulated cells compared to control cells (p˂0.05). Also, the expression decrease of BCL2 and SURVIVIN genes was seen (p˂0.05). MTT and flow cytometry results confirmed the cell proliferation decrease and the apoptosis increase. Conclusion: UCA1 gene Knockout in the SK-OV-3 showed some positive effects in decreasing cancer cell proliferation and increasing the apoptosis rate can be said that inhibiting overexpression of the UCA1 gene will play a positive role in controlling the growth of ovarian cancer cells.
Background and Aim: Studies have shown that Kelussia lowers low-density lipoprotein levels. Due to the increasing number of patients with fatty liver in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Kelussia extract on the expression of SREBP-1C gene in obese mice with fatty liver. Materials & Methods: In the present study, 24 rats were divided into four groups: control, negative control, treatment and the second treatment. The two treatment groups received 400 and 800 ml/kg Kelussia extract by gavage, respectively. Rats were anesthetized with chloroform and after dissection, rat liver tissue was collected. Then RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. Finally, SREBP-1C gene expression was performed using RT-PCR Real time technique and relevant analyzes were performed. Results: In the present study, the results showed that Kelussia extract at a dose of 800 mg/kg could further reduce the expression of SREBP-1C gene than a dose of 400 mg/kg in rats with fatty liver. It is statistically significant compared to the patient group (p <0.05). The results of biochemical tests confirm liver improvement in treated rats at a dose of 800 mg/kg. Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that Kelussia extract reduces the expression of SREBP-1C gene due to its orange flavonoid, which plays an important role in the biogenesis of cholesterol, fatty acids and triglycerides. If approved in larger studies, it can be considered as a therapeutic target in fatty liver disease.
Introduction: HIV infection has spread over the last 30 years and is undoubtedly the major public health challenge in worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological status of HIV/AIDS infected under the Covered of the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during 1994 to 2020. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 3710 people living with HIV/AIDS in Fars province, covered by the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were selected as a sample by census method. The source of data collection was the national behavioral disease counseling software. Data analyzed by Fisher test, Chi square test and ANOVA test using SPSS19 statistic software. Results: 78.32% of the infected were men. The mean and standard deviation age of infected was 44.61± 10.36 and the highest age group was 35-44 years old, 1488 people (40.1%). In terms of marital status, 1338 single people (36.06%) were the most and dead spouses were 229 (6.48%) were the lowest. The highest route of transmission injected drug abuse 2383 cases (64.2%) and the lowest was 71 cases (1.9%) from mother to child. Compared to the first and last high-risk behaviors, Heterosexual contact increased from 41.50 to 43.82% and only 5.37% used condoms continuously. Conclusions: According to the findings, the transmission of the disease sexual contact is increasing. Therefore, designing and formulating effective control programs in the field of sexual behaviors is felt more than before.
: Introduction: Pregnancy toxemia causes many pregnant mothers at risk for adverse midwifery complications and sometimes the risk of death. If this complication occurs early in the second trimester of pregnancy, the mother will be deprived of having a child as a result of this complicated pregnancy. Here we present a woman who has had premature pregnancy toxsemia. The known risk factors in this woman were not positive.
