Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential effects of a modified Tai Chi/Qigong program on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and symptom clusters, including pain, insomnia, and psychological distress, in a patient with lung cancer.Methods: A 55-year-old woman with recurrent EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, previously treated with gefitinib and switched to lazertinib after developing acquired resistance, reported persistent CRF and chronic bilateral lower-extremity and plantar pain. A modified combined Tai Chi/Qigong program was delivered over 2 weeks (6 supervised sessions, 60 min per session) in an outpatient hospital setting. Daily 30-min home practice was recommended and monitored using a structured practice diary. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed at baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the final session. The primary outcome was CRF, measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory-Korean version (BFI-K). Secondary outcomes included pain (Brief Pain Inventory-Korean version, BPI-K), insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index-Korean version, ISI-K), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4, PSS-4).Results: BFI-K decreased from a mean of 5.3 to 3.9 (Δ-1.4); BPI-K pain intensity decreased from 4.0 to 3.5 (Δ-0.5), and pain interference decreased from 4.3 to 2.1 (Δ-2.2); ISI-K decreased from 16 to 4 (Δ-12); PHQ-9 decreased from 9 to 6 (Δ-3); and PSS-4 decreased from 11 to 9 (Δ-2). No program-related serious adverse events were observed. The practice diary documented no clinically significant symptoms, including severe pain exacerbation, dyspnea, dizziness, or falls.Conclusion: In this case, a short, modified Tai Chi/Qigong program was feasible and appeared safe, suggesting potentially beneficial effects on patient-reported fatigue, pain interference, insomnia severity, and psychological burden.
Objectives: To evaluate short-term changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body composition after treatment with herbal medicine and a low-carbohydrate diet in patients with prediabetes.Methods: This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 58 patients with prediabetic (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%) treated with Ephedra-based herbal pills and a low-carbohydrate diet for 90-120 days. Changes in weight, body composition, HbA1c, and vitals were assessed.Results: Median body weight decreased significantly from 72.05 kg to 66.80 kg (p<0.001), accompanied by significant reductions in body fat. Median HbA1c decreased from 6.00% to 5.80% (p<0.001). HbA1c reduction showed no linear correlation with weight loss magnitude. Blood pressure decreased, whereas mild heart rate increases were observed.Conclusions: Herbal medicine combined with a low-carbohydrate diet was associated with short-term changes in body weight, body fat, and HbA1c in patients with prediabetes. However, as herbal medicine, low-carbohydrate diet, and adjunctive treatments were applied together, the independent contribution of herbal medicine could not be determined.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the measurement reliability and agreement of a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) device (HEH) compared with a standard 12-lead ECG device (FX) to validate its clinical utility in Korean medicine practice.Methods: In a randomized sequential method-comparison study of 94 adults, ECG parameters were sequentially measured using both the HEH and FX devices during a single visit. Primary efficacy variables were heart rate, RR interval, and QRS interval. Secondary efficacy variables were the PR interval, QT interval, QTc interval, and axis. Inter-device reliability and agreement were assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC; two-way mixed model, absolute agreement) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: HEH demonstrated excellent reliability for the primary efficacy variables (ICC>0.90) and good reliability for the secondary efficacy variables (ICC>0.87). Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the mean difference was near zero for all variables. The mean difference for heart rate fell within the allowable limits defined by ANSI/AAMI/IEC 60601-2-27:2011. The mean differences for the QRS, PR, and QT intervals fell within the allowable limits defined by the KS C IEC 60601-2-25 CSE study criteria. Axis showed good ICC (0.876) but a relatively higher mean absolute difference (MAD=13.1°).Conclusions: The HEH device demonstrates high reliability and agreement comparable to those of the standard ECG device (FX). These findings suggest that HEH is a valid tool for long-term clinical monitoring and quantitative evaluation of treatment efficacy in Korean medicine.
Objective: To investigate the clinical awareness and practical requirements of Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs) for developing a Korean Medicine clinical practice guideline (CPG) for prostate cancer.Methods: An online survey of 535 KMDs was conducted from October to December 2025, evaluating clinical status, treatment patterns, and CPG demands.Results: The main KM treatment goals were alleviating the side effects of standard treatment (87.5%) and enhancing immunity (74.4%), with acupuncture (91.8%), moxibustion (63.9%), and herbal medicine (55.5%) being the predominant treatment modalities. The necessity of a CPG was rated highly (3.81/5), and most KMDs primarily treated patients with Stage I disease (76.1%). Diagnostic criteria (71.0%), herbal prescription guidelines (73.8%), and lifestyle management protocols (77.4%) were strongly demanded.Conclusion: KMDs require a standardized prostate cancer CPG. Future guidelines must comprehensively address not only terminal care and direct tumor removal but also early-stage disease management and the alleviation of side effects from standard treatments.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual patient chatbot for upper abdominal pain and to evaluate its educational effectiveness and applicability.Methods: The chatbot was developed using Dialogflow CX and implemented in an actual course involving 32 College of Korean Medicine students. Diagnostic learning motivation and chatbot usability were assessed using pre- and post-activity surveys.Results: After the activity, diagnostic learning motivation showed a statistically significant improvement (p=.002), and usability was rated positively (4.04±0.67). Learners recognized the importance of clear and systematic history taking and experienced challenges in clinical communication. Key strengths included enabling repetitive practice and providing an immersive experience similar to real patient encounters. Limitations included difficulties recognizing certain questions, indicating the need for refinement.Conclusions: This study is significant as it developed an AI-based virtual patient chatbot and demonstrated its educational effectiveness. The findings may encourage further research on AI-based educational models.
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the preliminary effects and clinical applicability of a sensory-mediated reminiscence intervention in patients with Parkinson’s disease by examining changes in motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, quality of life, and prefrontal cortical activity.Methods: This single-arm pre-post observational study was conducted at the Clinical Trial Center of a university-affiliated Korean medicine hospital. Fourteen patients with Parkinson’s disease were enrolled, and seven who completed all eight sessions of the sensory-mediated reminiscence intervention were included in the final analysis. The intervention consisted of recalling past sensory and emotional memories and reconstructing them through visual, tactile, and verbal expression. Outcome measures included the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39). As an exploratory secondary measure, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess prefrontal cortical activity.Results: In the completer analysis, the UPDRS Part III score significantly decreased from 27.1±8.0 at baseline to 21.0±4.7 after the intervention (p=0.030). UPDRS Part I scores also significantly decreased from 1.7±1.1 to 0.4±0.8 (p=0.049). In contrast, no statistically significant changes were observed in UPDRS Part II, UPDRS Part IV, total NMSS score, PDQ-39 Summary Index, or fNIRS measures. The dropout rate was 50.0%. Reasons for dropout included scheduled surgeries, relocation, difficulty attending visits due to worsening health during winter, and loss to follow-up.Conclusions: The sensory-mediated reminiscence intervention may have positive effects on motor function and certain non-motor aspects in patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary due to the small sample size, lack of a control group, and high dropout rate. Further large-scale controlled studies and intervention designs that reduce the burden of in-person visits are warranted.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between herbal medicine treatment and weight change in overweight and obese patients with hypothyroidism. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted using medical records from eight Korean medicine clinics. A total of 72 patients with hypothyroidism and a body mass index (BMI)≥23 kg/m2 who received herbal medicine treatment for at least 4 months were included. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, including body weight, BMI, body fat mass, percent body fat, and total body water. Hemodynamic parameters and adverse events were also evaluated. Paired t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-treatment outcomes.Results: After 4 months of treatment, significant reductions were observed in all body composition variables. Mean body weight decreased from 73.74±13.08 kg to 67.19±12.19 kg (mean change: -6.55±3.24 kg, p<0.001), and BMI decreased from 28.96±4.49 to 26.54±4.47 kg/m2 (p<0.001). Body fat mass and percent body fat also significantly decreased (p<0.001). For hemodynamic parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased, whereas heart rate increased. Mild adverse events were reported, but no serious adverse events were observed.Conclusion: These findings suggest that herbal medicine-based weight management may be associated with clinically meaningful weight reduction in overweight and obese patients with hypothyroidism. Given the retrospective design, concurrent dietary intervention, and lack of detailed thyroid function data, further prospective controlled studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Objective: This case report aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of Korean medicine treatment for concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT)-induced nausea, oral pain, and reduced oral intake in a patient with tonsil cancer.Methods: A 70-year-old man with human papillomavirus-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil (stage I) received Korean medicine treatment, including Bihwa-eum (比和飮), acupuncture, moxibustion, Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture, and Chenggugamrosu (淸口甘露水) gargling, for 14 days following CCRT.Results: After 14 days of Korean medicine treatment, nausea improved from a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score of 8 to 2, and oral pain improved from an NRS score of 9 to 4. The Food Intake Level Scale score increased from 1 to 6. The patient resumed regular oral feeding without total parenteral nutrition after discharge, and no adverse events were observed.Conclusion: Korean medicine treatment may serve as a beneficial supportive approach for managing CCRT-induced nausea, oral pain, and reduced oral intake in patients with tonsil cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Background: Painful diabetic polyneuropathy (PDPN) is a common and difficult-to-manage complication of diabetes mellitus, particularly in older adults with polypharmacy. This case report describes the in-hospital clinical course observed during stepwise deprescribing and combined Korean medicine treatment in a patient with PDPN experiencing polypharmacy.Case Report: A 67-year-old woman with a 20-year history of diabetes mellitus was admitted with severe bilateral lower-extremity pain and dysesthesia. At admission, she was taking 30 medications, including gabapentin, pregabalin, amitriptyline, and opioid analgesics; however, her pain remained poorly controlled. Her symptoms were characterized by distal-dominant pain, allodynia, nocturnal exacerbation, and sleep disturbance. Combined Korean medicine treatment, including Sogyunghwalhyeol-tang-gamibang, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, moxibustion, Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, was administered during hospitalization. Concurrently, medications with overlapping pharmacologic effects or limited clinical utility were gradually reduced or discontinued through interdisciplinary consultation. During hospitalization, the total number of medications decreased from 30 to 16. Right lower-extremity pain decreased from a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score of 9 to 5, and left lower-extremity pain decreased from 5 to 3. The total Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire score decreased from 44 on hospital day 1 to 16 on hospital day 28.Conclusion: This case describes an in-hospital clinical course in which pain-related outcomes improved during stepwise deprescribing and combined Korean medicine treatment in a patient with PDPN experiencing polypharmacy, suggesting the potential clinical applicability of medication reassessment and integrative treatment.
Objectives: This study aims to map clinical research trends in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions for obesity in China over the past 5 years.Methods: A scoping review of articles published between 2021 and 2025 in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases was conducted.Results: Twenty-six studies were included, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 88.5%). Acupoint catgut embedding (12 studies) was the most frequent intervention. Studies generally reported improvements in anthropometric indices, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Multi-modality approaches and modern mechanistic evaluations (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI], gut microbiota) were notable trends. Among the studies that explicitly reported safety outcomes, severe adverse events were rarely observed.Conclusion: TCM, especially catgut embedding, is actively used to treat obesity in China, with a high proportion of studies adopting RCT designs. Future studies require standardized protocols and long-term follow-up to further evaluate clinical efficacy and safety.
Background: Nausea is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and uremic toxins, metabolic acidosis, and gastrointestinal dysmotility are major contributing factors. This study reports the effectiveness of Beewha-eum combined with Siryeong-tang in managing uremic nausea in a patient with advanced CKD not receiving dialysis.Case Presentation: An 89-year-old woman with advanced CKD (stage 4; estimated glomerular filtration rate, 18.11 mL/min/1.73 m2) and severe persistent nausea (Numerical Rating Scale [NRS] score, 8–9) was admitted. Siryeong-tang alone was administered from days 8 to 12, and Beewha-eum combined with Siryeong-tang was administered from day 13 onward. Acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and moxibustion were also performed. Symptom severity was evaluated every other day using the NRS and the Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (INVR). After treatment, the NRS score decreased from 8 to 1 by day 21, and INVR nausea and retching scores resolved completely by day 23.Conclusion: Korean medicine, including Beewha-eum combined with Siryeong-tang, may be an effective and safe therapeutic option for nausea in patients with advanced CKD not yet receiving dialysis.
Objectives: This study reports the effects of comprehensive Korean medicine treatment as palliative care in a patient with terminal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and discusses the practical challenges of implementing do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in a Korean medicine hospital.Methods: A 61-year-old man with stage IV HCC who discontinued immunotherapy received comprehensive Korean medicine treatment, comprising Saenggangeonbi-tang-gami, Gunchil-dan, and acupuncture, for palliative symptom management from July 14 to August 22, 2025.Results: Korean medicine treatment was associated with symptom control during the terminal phase. Acute hepatotoxicity was not observed, suggesting an acceptable safety profile. However, the independent contribution of Korean medicine treatment could not be determined because of the concurrent use of conventional medications and the difficulty in distinguishing treatment effects from the natural course of terminal malignancy.Conclusion: Comprehensive Korean medicine treatment may be considered a component of palliative care in patients with terminal HCC. However, further institutional development and systematic end-of-life care guidelines are required to ensure appropriate DNR implementation in Korean medicine hospitals.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical practice patterns and perceptions of Korean medicine doctors (KMDs) regarding prostatitis and generate foundational data for developing Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines (KM-CPG).Methods: A nationwide online survey of KMDs was conducted from November 3 to 26, 2025. The questionnaire assessed prostatitis treatment experience, diagnostic and pattern identification methods, treatment modalities, and the perceived need for collaboration with Western medicine. A total of 580 responses were analyzed descriptively. Respondent demographics were compared with 2024 national KMD population statistics to assess representativeness. Stratified analyses using χ2 tests were performed according to practice setting, age, clinical experience, and specialty status.Results: Most respondents treated ≤5 prostatitis patients per month. Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (70.9%) was the most common diagnosis. Sex (75.0% male) and age distributions closely mirrored those of the national population (75.2% male), supporting sample representativeness. Practitioners in hospital-based settings and younger KMDs (<40 years) showed significantly higher awareness of guidelines, use of standardized diagnostic tools, and perceived need for collaborative care (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found by specialty status (p>0.05). Collaborative care was deemed necessary by 86.2% of respondents.Conclusion: KMDs commonly manage prostatitis as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis using multimodal Korean medicine. Despite the low response rate, the sample was broadly representative of the national KMD population. These findings highlight the need for a KM-CPG that provides standardized diagnostic frameworks and reflects the diverse clinical environments and generational differences among KMDs.
Background: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder characterized by chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms without identifiable structural abnormalities. Globus sensation is a common accompanying symptom in patients with FD. This study reports a case of FD with globus sensation treated with Korean medicine, including Bongnyeong-eum-hap-Banha-hubak-tang.Case Presentation: This case involved a 64-year-old woman with chronic dyspeptic symptoms and globus sensation that were unresponsive to conventional treatment. She was diagnosed with FD based on the Rome IV criteria and was treated with Bongnyeong-eum-hap-Banha-hubak-tang for 30 days. Symptom severity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and the Functional Dyspepsia-Related Quality of Life (FD-QoL) questionnaire. Gastric myoelectrical activity was evaluated using electrogastrography (EGG). After treatment, the NRS scores for dyspeptic symptoms decreased from 9 to 0-2, and globus sensation completely resolved, decreasing from 4-5 to 0. The GSRS score decreased from 62 to 13, and the FD-QoL score improved from 51 to 16. In addition, EGG showed improved gastric contractility, with the power ratio increasing from 0.3 to 2.3.Conclusion: This case suggests that Bongnyeong-eum-hap-Banha-hubak-tang may improve symptoms and gastric function in patients with FD accompanied by globus sensation. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine treatment on body composition and liver function in obese patients with persistent heavy alcohol consumption.Methods: Two patients with severe obesity and persistent heavy alcohol consumption were observed for changes in body composition and liver function over a 5-6-month period of herbal medicine treatment. Clinical parameters, including body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and total body water, were evaluated at baseline and post-treatment. Liver function was also assessed using laboratory tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels. Adverse events were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria.Results: In case 1 (44-year-old woman), body weight decreased from 90.1 to 80.8 kg, with an 8.6 kg reduction in fat mass, and elevated AST and ALT levels normalized. In case 2 (35-year-old man), body weight decreased from 116.5 to 91.1 kg, with a 21.1 kg reduction in fat mass, and elevated GGT levels normalized. In both cases, skeletal muscle mass was relatively preserved despite significant weight loss. No clinically significant adverse events were observed.Conclusion: This case series suggests that herbal medicine treatment may induce weight loss and improve liver function without significant muscle loss, even in obese patients who continue heavy alcohol consumption.
Objectives: This study aims to report the clinical effectiveness of Korean medicine, specifically the Sasang constitutional medicine approach using Hyangbujasungi-san, in a patient with idiopathic abducens nerve palsy presenting with horizontal diplopia and dizziness.Case Presentation: A 74-year-old woman presented with limited abduction (2 mm) of the right eye due to idiopathic abducens nerve palsy. Based on her constitutional symptoms-including hypohidrosis (reduced sweating), frequent urination, and specific changes in bowel habits-she was diagnosed as the Soeumin type with Jung-gi-jeung (Middle Qi syndrome). The patient received 12 weeks of combined Korean medicine treatment centered on the herbal prescription Hyangbujasungi-san, along with acupuncture and electroacupuncture. Following treatment, the abduction range of the right eye improved from 2 mm to 10 mm, and the patient reported more than 90% subjective improvement in diplopia.Conclusions: This case suggests that the Sasang constitutional medicine approach, particularly the use of Hyangbujasungi-san, may represent a viable therapeutic option for managing idiopathic abducens nerve palsy, providing objective improvement in ocular motility and subjective relief of diplopia.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effects of combined Korean medicine treatment, including modified Cheonglijagam-tang, in a patient with dysgeusia.Methods: A 61-year-old woman with dysgeusia following an upper respiratory infection received combined Korean medicine treatment, including modified Cheonglijagam-tang, adjunctive herbal extracts, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and pharmacopuncture. Outcomes were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and the Yin-Deficiency Questionnaire (YinDQ).Results: After treatment, dysgeusia and accompanying symptoms improved. The NRS scores for dysgeusia, xerostomia, headache, and general weakness decreased from 10, 10, 6, and 10 to 2, 3, 0, and 2, respectively. The OHIP-14 score decreased from 46 to 12, and the YinDQ score decreased from 68 to 44. No treatment-related adverse events were observed during hospitalization.Conclusions: This case suggests that combined Korean medicine treatment, including modified Cheonglijagam-tang prescribed based on a Yin-deficiency pattern, may represent a therapeutic option for multifactorial dysgeusia following an insufficient response to conventional management.
Objectives: To evaluate the short-term clinical effects of a multidisciplinary inpatient program integrating Korean medicine with art- and movement-based nonpharmacological interventions in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed nine patients with idiopathic PD (mean age, 60.2±5.8 years; mean disease duration, 10.1±3.5 years) admitted to a Korean medicine hospital. All patients received standard inpatient Korean medicine treatment (acupuncture, herbal medicine, temporomandibular balancing therapy, cupping, pharmacopuncture, herbal fumigation, and physiotherapy) in addition to their preexisting antiparkinsonian medications. A 6- or 14-day multidisciplinary program was added, including MARS-PD-based exercise, art therapy, psychotherapy, Tai Chi, the Goodball method, Danso classes, and patient education. Outcomes included objective gait parameters (10-Meter Walk Test, Timed Up and Go test, 360° turning test, and GAITRite gait analysis), patient-reported Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) and Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), and a patient-specific chief complaint Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) assessed at three time points.Results: All nine patients completed the program without falls or serious adverse events. GAITRite velocity (p=0.020), cadence (p=0.027), and 360° turning steps (p=0.023) improved significantly. NRS scores decreased significantly across the three time points (Friedman χ2 (df=2)=14.00, p=0.001), with significant improvement in both motor (p=0.001) and nonmotor domains (p=0.013). PDQ-39 and PDSS showed favorable but non-significant trends. One patient with a depleted deep brain stimulation pulse generator showed a reduction of 31.88 points in PDQ-39, approximately sixfold the minimal clinically important difference.Conclusions: A short-term multidisciplinary inpatient program integrating Korean medicine with art- and movement-based interventions was associated with significant improvements in objective gait parameters and chief complaint measures in advanced PD. Larger controlled trials are warranted.
Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by postural instability, gait disturbance, and left-right asymmetry, and axial motor symptoms often respond poorly to levodopa. We report the effects of PALEX (Parkinson Alignment & Equilibrium eXercise)-a Korean medicine doctor (KMD)-certified exercise specialist (CES) collaborative program targeting postural alignment and dynamic equilibrium-combined with Korean medicine treatment in three outpatients with PD.Case Presentation: Three outpatients with idiopathic PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2) received PALEX in combination with acupuncture and either herbal medicine or temporomandibular joint balancing therapy (TBT), depending on individual clinical presentation, for 4 weeks (8 sessions). In cases receiving TBT, PALEX was subsequently applied to consolidate passively restored alignment through active motor learning. The primary outcome was the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Parts I-III, and items 3.13 (posture) and 3.3 (rigidity) were analyzed as clinician-rated measures of alignment and rigidity. Secondary outcomes included the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, 360° turn test, and GAITRite® gait analysis.Results: MDS-UPDRS Part III scores decreased by 47.1% (case 1) and 54.1% (case 2), exceeding the minimal clinically important difference (3.25 points). All three cases showed consistent reductions in item 3.13 (1→0, 2→1, 2→1) and item 3.3 (4→2, 5→2, 5→1), indicating improvements in postural alignment and rigidity. Secondary outcomes improved consistently, with reductions in 10MWT time (-8.5% to -14.5%), TUG time (-6.8% to -14.8%), and 360° turn time (-5.6% to -23.1%), as well as increased gait velocity (+9.6% to +19.3%). No adverse events occurred during the 4-week intervention or the 1-month follow-up.Conclusions: PALEX combined with Korean medicine treatment may improve motor symptoms, postural alignment, and rigidity in outpatients with PD. The KMD-CES collaborative model offers a feasible passive-to-active sequencing approach within integrative PD care.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical improvement of a patient with abdominal pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods: The patient was treated with complex Korean medicine after being diagnosed with the pattern of stasis and wet binding in the Thoroughfare and Conception Vessels. To assess treatment outcomes, we used the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS).Results: The patient’s clinical symptoms improved after 17 days of treatment with Korean medicine. The EQ-5D index increased from 0.427 to 0.83, and the NRS score decreased from 6 to 3. No severe adverse effects related to Korean medicine were observed.Conclusion: This study suggests that complex Korean medicine may have beneficial effects in patients with abdominal pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy who were diagnosed with the pattern of stasis and wet binding in the Thoroughfare and Conception Vessels.
