OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of NF-κB on cultrured cervical Hela cell apotosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. METHODS: Cervical Hela cell was cultrured in DMEM medium containing 0.5% bovine calf serum for 48 h and then 10 ng/mL of TNF-α was added into the medium for stimulatlion;NF-κB p65 monoclone antibody was added into the medium followed by 10 ng/mL of TNF-α. RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine NF-κB p65 activity. Tunnel method was used to examine cell apoptosis. RESULTS: NF-κB p65 protein and expression of NF-κB p65mRNA were elevated after stimulated by TNF-α, while NF-κB protein decreased after added with NF-κB p65 monoclone antibody. Cells apoptosis was obvious. CONCLUSION: TNF-α can enhance mobilization of NF-κB in cervical Hela cell, as suggested that some regulating effect of TNF-α on cervical Hela cell apoptosis might be exerted through NF-κB activation pathway. Chin J Cancer Prev Treat,2005,12(14):1061-1065
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expressions of metastasis related gene-KiSS-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) in gestational trophoblastic disease(GTD) and their significance.METHODS: RT-PCR analysis and Western blot analysis were used to detect KiSS-1 and MMP-9 expression levels in tissues of 30 cases of first-trimester villi, 30 cases of hydatidiform mole, 9 cases of invasive mole and 8 cases of choriocarcinoma.RESULTS:Expressions of MMP-9 and KiSS-1 were detected in tissues of first-trimester villi, hydatidiform mole and invasive mole. However, expression of MMP-9 was detected in tissues of chriocarcinoma, in which expressions of KiSS-1 gene and its protein peptide-metastin were not detected. The expressions of MMP-9mRNA and protein in tissues of GTD,which included hydatidiform mole, invasive mole and choriocarcinoma, were significantly higher than those in villi of first-trimester (P=0.039,0.001,0.000). The expression level of MMP-9 in tissues of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma was higher than that of hyddatidiform mole significantly (P=0.000). The mRNA and protein levels of MMP-9 in tissues of choriocarcinoma were the highest (0.705±0.141 and 78.403±7.124,respectively), while the expression of KiSS-1 was contrary:The expression of KiSS-1mRNA (0.433±0.193)and metastin(23.831±7.522) in tissues of hyddatidiform mole were lower than those in villi of first-trimester (P=0.049,0.049). The expression levels of KiSS-1mRNA and metastin in tissues of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma were lower(0.113±0.121 and 10.814±3.431,respectively). CONCLUSIONS:The expression of invasion related gene, MMP-9, is positive relative to invasive ability of trophoblast, while the invasion suppressor gene, KiSS-1, is negative relative to invasive ability of trophoblast. The coeffection of these two genes plays an important role in regulating the invasion of trophoblast.
To observe the clinical effects of the treatment with toremifene on breast cystic hyperplasia. A total fo 100 patients who suffered from Breast Cystic Hyperplasia with obvious symptoms and signs were randomized into Toremifene treatment group (50 cases) with toremifene 40 mg daily for three months and control group (50 cases) with Chinese medicine (RUPI SANJIE) daily for three months. They were further divided into two subgroups: ER positive group and ER negative group according to the results of estrogen receptor (ER) in the tissues of mamma glands. The clinical effects were observed subsequently. The clinical effective rate of Toremifene on breast cystic hyperplasia was 80%(40/50), and it was up to 92.9% (26/28) in patients with ER positive. No obvious adverse effects were observed in the group. However, the clinical effective rate of R-UPI SANJIE was 58% (29/50). There was a significant difference between the two groups, 0.01P0.025.Conslusions toremifene has positive clinical effects on breast cystic hyperplasia with few adverse effects. It suggests that toremifene may be one of the most satisfying medicines at present.
OBJECTIVE:To reverse the drug resistance of advanced pretreated colon cancer that was refractory to oxaliplatin (OXA)-5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (FUFA) usin high dose of tamoxifen. METHODS: The expressions of P-gp on the membrane of peripheral blood lymphocytes (BPL) of all advanced colon cancer patients were examined by FACS before treatment. The 59 colon cancer patients who refractory to OXA-FUFA regimen were randomized divided into two groups, 31 cases in group A, 28 in group B. In group A, all patients were previously treated with tamoxifen at a dose of 100 mg, 2 times everyday for 5 days orally. On the fourth day, the OXA-FUFA regimen was administered by intravenous injection. The treatments were repeated on the 28th day and continued at least 2 cycles. Group B was same as group A but the treatment of tamoxifen. RESULTS: The expressions of P-gp on PBL were all positive in both groups. The objective response rate (ORR) was observed in 25.8%(8/31) of patients in group A with 32.3% (10/31) of P-gp reversed to negative or decreased significantly versus 0 (0/28) of ORR, P_1=0.006 7 and no expression of P-gp reversed, P_2=0.004 3 in group B. Median progression-free and overall survival times were 10.3 and 10.8 months respectively.CONCLUSIONS: High dose of tamoxifen can both markedly down-regulate the expression of P-gp and partially reverse the drug resistance in advanced colon cancer patients who were refractory to the OXA-FUFA regimen.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) in large intestinal carcinoma, and its relationship to clinicopathological features and prognosis.METHODS: The expression of VEGF-D in 96 cases of large intestinal carcinoma was detected by SP immunohistochemical technique and its relationship to clinicalpathological features and prognosis was analysed.RESULTS:The expression of VEGF-D was significantly higher in intratumoral tissues than in peritumoral tissues, P=0.000 1. VEGF-D positive expression was significantly correlated with the tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, Duke’s stage and prognosis in 96 cases of large intestinal carcinoma,P0.01 or P0.05 (P=0.026 9, 0.002 3, 0.004 2). The expression of VEGF-D was significantly lower in poorly differentiated carcinomas than in well differentiated one, P=0.026 9, and the expression of VEGF-D in A and B of Duke’s stage was also significantly lower than that in C and D, P=0.004 2. The positive expression of VEGF-D was significantly higher in tumours with lymph nodes metastasis than in those without lymph nodes metastasis, P=0.002 3. Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in VEGF-D positive groups than in VEGF-D negative ones,P=0.029 1. However,the relationship of VEGF-D with age and gender of patients, the size, site and depth of invasion of tumour and organ metastasis was not found,P0.05 (P=0.142 1, 0.467 9, 0.131 9, 0.831 1, 0.107 0, 0.340 5).CONCLUSION: The overexpression of VEGF-D in large intestinal carcinoma can develop lymph node metastasis by inducing lymphangiogenesis, and it may serve as one prognostic indicator and guide the treatment.
When the heparin concentration was 1.0 mg/mL, the telomerase activity of SGC7901 cells wa inhibited significantly, P<0.05. The cell growth speed of each group was also inhibited in a certain degree, especially when the concentatration was 1.0 mg/mL. But there were no cell death in each group. Heparin can inhibit telomerase activity and the proliferation of carcinoma cell itself in SGC7901 cells. But heparin can not cause cell death.
Thymosin beta 4,a small peptide with more biologic functions,is known as a 4.9-kd polypeptide that interacts with G-actin and function as a major actin-sequestering protein in cells by complexing with the monomeric G-actin in a 1∶1 ratio.It plays an important role in physiological and pathological activities: It can promote T cell differentiation and maturation.Thymosin beta 4 may contribute to several physiological processes,including angiogenesis,wound healing,and regulation of inflammation.This peptide increases the rate of attachment and spreading of endothelial cells on matrix components.Thymosin beta 4 also plays a role in nerve developmeat and cell apotosis.Moreover,abnormal expression of the small peptide thymosin beta 4 is associated with the metastasis of tumor cells.It might induce tumor blood vessel formation,strengthen movement of the tumor cell and proliferation to influence metastasis of tumor.This paper reviews the advance in the relationship between thymosin beta 4 and the tumor metastasis.
With the development of molecular biology and genetic engineering great progresses, transgenic tumor vaccines have been made. The transgenic tumor vaccines have been obtained which include cytokines vaccines, tumor antigen gene vaccines, chemokines vaccines, co-stimulating factor vaccines, adhesion molecule vaccines and multi-genes co-transfection vaccines. Transgenic tumor vaccines exert their functions mainly by three mechanisms: 1)enhancing tumor cells immunogenicity; 2)improving organisms antineoplastic immune response; 3)enhancing tumor cells immunogenicity and decreasing their tumorigenicity. The transgenic tumor vaccines are safe and reliable identified by preliminary study, and have immensely applied prospects.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the survival rates of sequential versus concurrent modalities of radiotherapy plus chemotherapy for Stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: From January 1999 to December 2000, 40 patients with Stage Ⅲ NSCLC were randomized into two groups: 20 patients in the sequential group (S), 20 patients in the concurrent group (C). Radiotherapy was started after three cycles of induction chemotherapy in Group S and radiation started on the first cycle of chemotherapy in Group C. All patients received conventional radiotherapy. The total tumor dose was 60 Gy/6 weeks.Chemotherapy schedule consisted of four cycles of vinorelbine 25 mg/m~2 on day 1, 8 and cissplatin 20 mg/m~2 on day 1-4 of a 21-day cycle. RESULTS: The overall response rates (CR+PR) of Group S and Group C were 75% and 80%, respectively,χ~2=0.00,P=1.000. The median survival time was 16 months in Group S and 18 months in Group C. The 1-,2- and 3-year survival rates were 65%,25%,15% and 70%,40%, 30%, respectively in Group S and Group C, χ~2=0.98, P=0.322. Severe hematologic toxicity were significantly frequent in Group C which could be tolerated. CONCLUSION: Concurrent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy is a good way in the treatment of NSCLC.
The clinical data of 38 cases of malignant melanoma during 16 years were collected and analysed retrospectively.The results showed that 1-year survival was 54.1%(20/37),3-year survival 28.1%(9/32),5-year survival 24.0(6/25) and 7-year or over survival 16.7%(3/18).The key of malignant melanoma treatment was early diagnosis,early operation combined with chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immune therapy.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of chemical drugs Vp-16,DDP and TXT on the gene expression of death receptors DR4 and DR5 in A549 cells. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to semi-quantitatively assay mRNA expression of death receptors DR4 and DR5 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 before and after the treatment of sub-toxic doses of Vp-16,DDP and TXT for different hours. RESULTS: 1)Sub-toxic dose of Vp-16 up-regulated the expression of DR4 and DR5 mRNA in A549 cells. The ratios of DR4/β-actin and DR5/β-actin in A549 cells treated by Vp-16(7.5 μg/mL) for 8 h were 1.13±0.13 and 1.06±0.25, and the ratios treated for 12 h 1.18±0.20 and 1.02±0.02. There were significantly statistical differences between the above two groups and normal control group, P 0.05( P =0.04,0.02,0.00 and 0.02).2)Sub-toxic doses of DDP or TXT had no significant effects on the expression of DR4 and DR5 mRNA in A549 cells. The expression of DR4 and DR5 mRNA in A549 cells treated by DDP(5 μg/mL) or TXT(0.005 μmol/L) for 4 h and 8 h was not significantly higher than that of normal control groups, P 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of reversal by drugs on TRAIL apoptosis pathway and mechanisms of resistance to TRAIL are diverse. Some of chemical drugs can up-regulate the expression of death receptors DR4 and DR5 mRNA in tumor cells. At the same time, the possibility of existence of other mechanisms can not be excluded simply.
OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cytosarcoma phyllodes of the breast. METHODS: Diagnosis and treatment data of 320 cases of breast cytosarcoma phyllodes diagnosed by operating pathologist were analysed retrospectively.RESULTS: X-ray for 121 cases, B-ultrasound for 25 cases, near infrared scanning for 21 cases and fine needle aspiration cytology B-supersound 42 cases were performed, and amony these only 15 cases in X-ray (12.4%) and 3 cases in near infrared scanning (14.3%) was diagnosed. About 17.5%(56/320) of patients were diagnosed corrcctly, and the misdiagnosed rate reached 82.5%(264/320). Of 253 cases in the follow-up, 45 patients had local recurrence, and 13 patients died of distant metastasis (5.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of cytosarcoma phyllodes should rely on the pathological finding. Local extend resection or mastectomy is the suitable treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To detect MUC1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood and bone marrow in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to evaluate the clinical significance of MUC1 mRNA expression. METHODS: Nested RT-PCR was used to detect MUC1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood and bone marrow in 31 patients with NSCLC. RESULTS:Positive rates of MUC1 mRNA were 32.3%(10/31) in peripheral blood and 22.6%(7/31) in bone marrow in patients with NSCLC, and highly positive correlation between MUC1 expression in peripheral blood and in bone marrow was found. MUC1 expression was not found in 10 patients with benign pulmonary lesion and 8 normal adults. The MUC1 mRNA expressions in peripheral blood and in bone marrow were closely related to the pathological classification, cell differentiation of cancer and P-TNM stage of the disease,P0.05. CONCLUSIONS:MUC1 mRNA may be a valuable marker to detect DTC in patients with lung cancer. It can also provide important clinical information for the evaluation of prognosis and the selection of appropriate treatment strategies.
OBJECTIVE:To study the gastric and esophageal function after esophagectomy and cardiectomy with vagus nerve preserved and reconstruction of gastric funds (VPRG)in patients with esophageal cancer(EC) and cardiac cancer(CC), explore the manner to prevent the reflux esophagitis. METHODS: 68 patients with EC or CC in early or advanced stage were operated according to the manner of VPRG. The symptoms, the pressure of the residual esophagus fibroptic endoscope were exammed before and after operation. RESULTS: Patients with vagus nerve preserved and reconstruction of gastric funds (VPRG) had less symptoms after operation than those with vagus nerve severed and no reconstruction of gastric funds(VSNG),such as eructation,Reflux,odynophagia, heartburn,P=0.001;Mean weight at postoperation after one year is 63±1.30 kg, which was compared with the preoperation, there was no statistic significance,P=0.579; The incidence of reflux esophagitis was 20.58%(14/68),which was lower than that in VSNG 80.88%(55/68), the degree of the reflux esophagitis at the VPRG was decreased than that in VSNG,P=0.002;rest pressure in the somatic part of esophagus in VPRG postoperation after one month and one year were(1.59±1.28) kPa and (1.43±1.15) kPa respectivly. which were higher than that in the somatic part of esophagus(0.26±0.68) kPa and the stomach (0.57±0.43) kPa in the normal, P=0.001.closed pressure in the somatic part of esophagus in VPRG postoperation after one month and one year were (5.73±3.65) kPa and ( 5.17±2.11) kPa respectivly, which were higher than that in the VSNG(3.51±2.61),(3.21±2.46) kPa,P=0.034. A high pressure zone was present above the esophago-gastric anastomosis in the patients with VPRG, it may be helpful in preventing and reducing reflux esophagitis, but there were no high pressure zone in the VPRG patients. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation of the vagus nerve and reconstruction of gastric funds during surgical resection for cancer of the esophagus and the cardio in early or middle period is benificial to prevent and reduce reflux esophagitis effectively.
The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the doses of anthracycline and tolerance in patients with breast cancer. Sixty-eight patients with local advanced breast cancer who received different dose of anthracycline-containing regimens were observed for the cardiotoxicity according to the change of electrocardiogram and echocardiography. The results were treated statistically by using χ~2 test. There were few patients with abnormal electrocardiogram in the low-dose group (50 mg/m~2), and among them 3 patients had transient electrocardiogram changes and quickly recovered in 2 weeks. Five patients with abnormal electrocardiogram in the high-dose group (75 mg/m~2) were detected, and among them 3 patients recovered in 2 weeks, patient's symptom relieved partialy and patient was diagnosed as congestive heart failure by echocardiography. In conclusion, the patients have similar tolerance in two groups, P0.05. The most patients show good tolerance of high dose of anthracycline-containing regimens.
To observe the response and adverse effect on the moderate and advanced tumor based on Hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT)combinating chemotherapeutic regimen.Fifty moderate and advanced tumor patients were treated with varied drug regimens based on HCPT including displatin,etoposide,mitomycin C,adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil.The overall response rate was 40.0% in the moderate and advanced 50 tumor patients, and the vesponse rate 43.59% in digestive tract tmmor. The adverse effects were mainly digestive, side effects, neutropenia, alopecia, which of them were Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade, and had not affect the treatment.The combining regimens based on HCPT are safe and effective in the treatment of moderate and advanced tumor patients, and suit to useage in basic unit hospitals.Chin J Cancer Prev Treat,2005,12(2):145-146
OBJECTIVE:To study the expression and clinical significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). METHODS: Applying SABC immunohistochemical technique, the expressions of uPA and PAI-1 were studied in 51 patients with LSCC. Combined with clinical follow-up, relevance of this expression and conventional clinical pathological factors or prognosis was analyzed.RESULTS: The rates of the positive expression of uPA and PAI-1 were 64.7%(33/51)and 70.6% (36/51), respectively. There was a significant correlation between uPA expression and TNM stage or cervical lymph node status, either between PAI-1 expression and TNM stage or cervical lymph node status. Neither tumor size, T-category, nor grade was significantly related with the level of uPA or PAI-1 expression. Univariate analysis showed that uPA and PAI-1 as prognostic factors were of similar magnitude to cervical lymph node status. In the multivariate analysis, uPA and cervical lymph node status were found to be independent factors related with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of uPA and PAI-1 are positively related with the stage of progression and cervical lymph node metastasis of LSCC, and they may play an important role in LSCC invasion and metastasis. The expression of uPA may indicate to poor prognosis.
[Objective] To investigate the role of transforming growth factor( TGF)β1 and type II of transforming growth factor βreceptor (TβRⅡ) in pathogenesis and progression of endometrial carcinoma and their correlation with the behavior of endometrial carcinoma. [Methods] TGFβ1and TβRⅡ were measured in normal endometrium(30 cases), simple hyperplasia endometrium(15 cases), atypical hyperplasia endometrium (17 cases) and endometrial carcinoma (57 cases) by SP immunohistochemical method. [Results] The expression of TGFβ1 and TβRⅡ could be detected in normal endometrium and hyperplasia endometrium as well as atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, but between the expression of TGFβ1 and TβRⅡ, there was no significant difference (P 0.05). The expression of TGFβ1 and TβRⅡ increased progressively from normal endometrium to hyperplasia endometrium to atypical endometrium (P 0.05); However from atypical endometrium to endometrial carcinoma, it was decreasing gradually (P 0.05). The expression of TGFβ1 and TβRⅡ in endometrial carcinoma showed significantly decreased with the clinical grading (P 0.05). The expression of TGFβ1 and TβRⅡ in endometrial carcinoma had negative relation to the depth of tumor invasion into myometrium, lymphonode metastasis and had positive relation to the histological grading (P 0.01). [Conclusions] TGFβ1 and TβRⅡ play an important role in pathogenesis and progression of endometial carcinoma. Detecting the expression of TGFβ1 and TβR Ⅱ in endometrial carcinoma has an important value in evaluating the malignant degree, metastases and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the target cells of bradykinin (BK) and the possible mechanism of BK that could selectively modulates the blood brain barrier. METHODS: The intracellular calcium change in astrocyte, C6 and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) after bradykinin introduced were studied respectively, and Western blot analysis of B_2 receptors was made in the three lines of cells. RESULTS: Small dose of BK could trigger intracellular calcium elevation in C6 cells, whereas only large dose could do that to astrocyte, and BMEC remained unresponsive to BK. Western blot showed the IDVs of three lines of cells were 5 000.12±1 110.21 (n=2), 18 480.88±4 119.86 (n=3) and 63 032.13±2 802.71 (n=4) respectively. There was a significant difference among them. CONCLUSION: The direct target cells of bradykinin are astrocyte and tumor cells, The unequal distribute of B_2 receptors between them contributes to the ability of bradykinin that could selectively open the blood tumor barrier, relying on some intercellular messenger, and BK could modulate the permeability enhancement of BMEC.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of TGF-β1 and MMP-2 in gallbladder carcinoma and their relation to carcinoma development.METHODS:The expressions of TGF-β1 and MMP-2 in gallbladder carcinoma were detected by SP immunohistochemical staining, 20 cases of chronic cholecystitis were collected as contrast.RESULTS: 1)The positive rates of TGF-β1(63.89%) and MMP-2(52.78%) in gallbladder carcinoma increased significantly,P0.05. 2) The positive rate of TGF-β1 was higher in metastasis or Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ stage group of gallbladder carcinoma than that was in non-metastasis or NevinⅠ-Ⅲ stage group,P0.05. In metastasis or low differentiation there was also higher expression of MMP-2,P0.05. 3) There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the expressions of MMP-2 and TGF-β1, P0.05. 4) There was a significant difference in survival time between patients with TGF-β1(+) and ones with TGF-β1(-). The difference was also found between patients with MMP-2(+) and ones with MMP-2(-). There was a statistically correlations between the first group and the second group.CONSLUSIONS: 1)The positive rate of TGF-β1 is higher in metastasis or Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ stage group of gallbladder carcinoma than that is in non-metastasis or Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ stage group,P0.05 .In metastasis or low differentiation there is also higher expression of MMP-2, P0.05. 2) The detection of TGF-β1 and MMP-2 may be useful in assessing the development of cancer and judging the prognosis, and eventually render a possible target for novel therapeutic strategies.
