天下为公(tian xia wei gong,the world is for all;the world is equally shared by all)and 天下为家(tian xia wei jia,all under heaven are of one family)are fromThe Book of Rites that summarizes two types of social form out of the past history and legends.Since they are concerned not only with the moral and value order oriented by benevolence and justice,but also with the social political order set up by law and discipline rite,they are constantly elaborated by scholars for their own needs and therefore have gradually gained different meanings.Of these,Mencius' s political view ofbenevolence policyandkingly way/benevolent government,and the relevant ideological statements such asthe whole world should be as harmonious as one family and the whole Chinese people should be united as one person,are of most importance and have had profound influence and become the principal ideological component of what modern Chinese people understood theuniversal harmony in the world,the ideal of which once drove us into utopian fantasy and disaster.To date,the idea and the relevant problems should be analyzed to seewhose worldandhow to realize the idealif the active and rational part inthe world is for allshould be retained to play its due role and to pass down and innovate the humanistic and philosophical views.Focusing on the statements ofthe world is for allandall under heaven are of one familyis also beneficial to clarify the current debates of all sorts out of the traditional ideology and culture.
Since the time when systematical researches on education law arose in the Mid-20 th century,the theoretical system and disciplinary construction of education law has kept winning concerns of scholars,whose discussions lacked consensus and fundamental reflections on relative jurisprudential problems.The theoretical system of education law should be grounded on four groups of elements:the right to education and the duty of state,the academic freedom and self-determination of school operation,the humanism and dignity of thought,and the double obligations with contractual duties.The framework of the system mainly consists of legal relations and activities of education,with special priorities,school governance and professional judgment as its features.This design could build education law as a discipline subordinate to both legal science and pedagogy and frame characteristic arrangement of curriculum,which will make it better develop as an independent subject and promote the rule of law in education.
The research of Chinese village regulations and folk conventions started in the Republic time and has so far lasted over 80 years.It was silent during the 30 years from 1950 sto 1980s;but it became prosperous again after the practice of the Open-Door Policy and will remain active for some time in the upcoming years.Previous researches in this area have their own characteristics,such as multidisciplinarity,regionality and strong association with current political and social events.However,there are also some problems.For example,the problem of defining the village regulations and folk conventions have not yet been clarified;the rural provision in some important provinces or historical periods has not received enough attention;and the study of the thoughts of important political figures on village regulations and folk conventions has not been concerned.
Optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was applied to Chinese reference materials (GBW07401,GBW07402,GBW07307,GBW07309).Antimony concentration was measured by ICP-MS.The sum of extractable mass fractions of Sb plus residue concentration was compared to total content.Recovery was 108%-125%.Lake sediment for extractable trace elements (GBW07436)was used for quality control and the result was in agreement with certified values.
Crises are characterized as high time pressure,ambiguity,and great threat to individuals,teams,and organizations.Organizations often rely on teams to deal with crisis events.In recent years,researchers endeavored to explore the antecedents and mechanism of team effectiveness in crisis.However,there is lack of a whole framework for team effectiveness to provide insight to team processes when responding to crises.This paper introduces the IMOI Model(an input-mediatoroutput-input cycle model)of team effectiveness,which illustrated the role of(a)inputs(team composition and team structure),and(b)mediators(emergent states and team interaction processes)in team effectiveness,to intergrate the existing research restults of the team effectiveness in a crisis situation,trying to construct a dynamic,multi-level perspective with the aim to understand the impact of crisis on the effectiveness of team and its mechanism.Directions for further research in this area are proposed.
逻辑方法作为我国教育学治学的一种一般方法受到了后现代主义思潮的质疑和挑战.探讨教育学家潘懋元教授治学的逻辑方法,对于重新评估它对教育学和其他社会科学研究的方法论价值,回应这一挑战,有重要启示.逻辑方法在他治学中的作用体现在三个方面:第一,理论创新上,它是确证新观点的方法;第二,学术交流中,它是进行表达和理解的方法;第三,思想评价中,又是评价论证的方法.潘懋元教授奉行逻辑方法的原因,在于他深刻认识到科学研究与逻辑工具之间内在的必然联系.人类思想史表明,科学研究实质上就是提出新观点并加以论证的思想活动过程.诉诸论证就是诉诸逻辑.这就涉及概念、命题、推理和思维规律等一系列具体的逻辑问题.理论创新、学术交流和思想评价无法回避对它们的“回答”.他的学术成就,得益于他对逻辑方法自觉的理论认识和忠实的治学践行.他的哲学背景和崇尚逻辑方法的治学经验表明,他对后现代主义者万法皆可的方法论主张持保留态度.
This study reviews the influence of culture on creativity under the 4P-creativity Model.First of all,culture will affect the evaluation criteria of creative products and performance.Second,culture can influence both the implicit theories of the characteristics of creative person;it can also affect the creative personality through socialization process.Third,the effect of culture on the creativity varies on the different stages or different cognitive process.Finally,culture can promote or inhibit creative performance through creative climate such as Zeitgeist,ideology,or family and school environment.Future studies should provide more and more empirical findings from the four aspects respectively to explain deeply about cross-cultural factors that affect creativity and the underlying mechanism.
The urban adaptation of migrant children has become an important issue among migrant children who were from rural places to urban areas.The current study aimed to summarize the urban adaptation and its predictive factors based on the literature review of the last 20 years.After an analysis of more than 590 literature items,we included that the previous study predominantly covered the following questions:(1)the definition of urban adaptation among migrant children;(2)the urban adaptation theory of migrant children;(3)the urban adaptation standard of migrant children;(4)the status quo of migrant children's urban adaptation;(5)the individual,familial,school and social predictive factors of migrant children urban adaptation Finally,the article provided several suggestions for policy making in helping migrant children adaptation to urban.In conclusion,we summarized the definition,characteristic,and development of unban adaptation among migrant children and the related predictive factors.The limitations of the previous studies were also documented and a number of useful political suggestions for migrant children's urban adaptation were provided.
Social governance,which is an important part of social construction,is one of the important themes of the overall layout of Socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics.To enhance the proficiency of social governance and promote its modernization is a substantial part of the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity to implement the great rejuvenation of China.During the Twelfth Five Years of Construction Plan,social governance and public service have been the two pillars of the contemporary social construction.Therefore,to perfect the system of social governance and to promote social governance capacity is not only beneficial to the maintenance of social order and stimulating social vitality,but will also enhance greatly the quality and proficiency of public service.
The rule of law requires a sound legal system.After 30-years' construction of the legal institutions of education,the system of education law in China has been preliminarily established.However,relative to the requirements of administering education by law,the system of education law should be further improved.From the perspective of comparison with Japanese and Taiwan education law,it can be concluded that education law is not a independent session in the system of law in China;in fact,the system of education law lacks integrity and systematicness,and the spreadability in the horizontal direction and the supporting systems in vertical direction.In order to improve the system per se,we should card the basic logic of the construction of education law system clearly:(i)the realization and protection of right to education should be the logical point of departure;(ii)the distinction and the setting of the education powers should be the normative logic;(iii)the status ofindependent law sessionshould be education laws' logic location;and(iv)the legislative classification dimension should be the implicit logic structure.At the practical level,we should grasp the opportunity of improving the education law system,promote the status of education law,consider to fill in the legislative blank as the focus,and optimize the practice of education by law constantly and response to the real needs of the construction of educational legal system positively.The realization of education law system is of great significance to education administration by law,and to the modernization of education management system and governance capacity.
During the first half of the 20 th century,agroup of history scholars formed a"school of social sciences"with strong characteristics by adapting to the international trend of"history study in terms of social sciences"and focusing on the history of social economy.The representatives of these scholars were working in Qinghua.In fact,they are the core force and promoters of history study in terms of the approach of social sciences.That is,they actively conduct and practice the academic idea,plan and organize their academic teams,and devote themselves to fostering master intellectuals,which has important historical significance.
Monthly precipitation and mean temperature at eleven major weather stations in Hanjiang River basin were used to study relationships among PDO index,SOI index and climate variabilities.Statistical analysis showed that total precipitation in March-April at five weather stations in the upstream of Hanjiang River basin was correlated with PDO index in March of previous year.Total precipitation from September previous year to June present year at five weather stations in the upstream of Hanjiang River basin was correlated with average SOI index from March to May of previous year.Total precipitation from March to May at three weather stations in the midstream of Hanjiang River basin was significantly correlated with average PDO index of March and April in previous year.Total precipitation of November and December at three weather stations in the midstream of Hanjiang River basin was correlated with SOI index of September of previous year.Total precipitation of March and April at three weather stations in the downstream of Hanjiang River basin was significantly correlated with average PDO index of January to March of previous year.Total precipitation of November of the previous year to next January at three weather stations in the downstream of Hanjiang River basin was correlated with SOI index of August of previous year.Temperature in March at all eleven weather stations in Hanjiang River basin was correlated with PDO index of October of the previous year. Average temperature in November and December at all eleven weather stations in Hanjiang River basin was correlated with SOI index of August in the previous year.
For China to choose Socialism is an immediate reflection of a severe unbalance of the history development in modern world and at the same time supported by the traditional ideology of Great Unity.In fact,to choose Socialism means agreat historical tension between the value ideal of the Socialism and the backward social reality in old China and between the world market oriented by the West and the self-sufficient and self-contained production and life style of China.This tension would lead to two possible destinies to the Eastern counties.In fact,the tension did have brought about two destinies to them that occurred alternatively.Only after China had begun to conduct her reform and self-conscientious social transformation,in particular the practice of the Socialist kernel value ideology and the explicit rule of law construction,did she find aproper way for the releasing and the relevant theoretical expression,which means new learning and innovation,that is,to combine the excellent part of the cultural tradition with the modern civilization attainment in term of which the Chinese society is able to construct a modern civilization order.
What was the Romans'perspective on Italy in the Augustan era?This is one of the important issues to solve for the scholars who study the history from the end of the Roman Republic to the beginning of the Roman Empire.To look for the answer in the works of the famous poets of the Augustan era is a new attempt,and its significance is remarkable.Horace is one of the most famous poets in the Augustan era,whose works typifies Italy in his mind.From the point of view of Horace,Italy was a regional entity which was distinguished from the city of Rome and the state of Rome;The life and character of the Apulians in his hometown manifested Italian ethos,and the Apulians had merged into a whole with the Romans;Italy undoubtedly belonged to the Roman Empire in political affiliation;The family life of tenant farmers had become a common phenomenon of economic life in Italy;On the basis of assimilating Greek culture,the unified Roman-Italian culture had formed.Italy in Horace's poetry is the generalization and sublimation of the Romans'view on Italy in that era.Horace's view on Italy can help us to cognize the social and cultural conditions of Italy in the Augustan era from a profile and an altitude,therefore understanding his view on Italy can enrich the research of Roman history nowadays.
The Socialist kernel values are the self-understanding and self-constructing principle for the Socialism with Chinese characteristics.They orient and make the social value order of contemporary China and have come to the fore in the soft power of Chinese culture.Their current expressions include the unity of the value orientations of the Country,the Society and the individuals;and the Socialist nature is embodied in the practical content of these values as well as their value bases and value stances.What is key to foster and practice them is to fuse them into the constructing of the national administration system and the capacity;and a proper handling of their relation with the traditional Chinese culture has an equal importance.
This study investigated 529 college students in order to explore the relationship among creative problem finding,information literacy,and critical thinking disposition.The results are as follows.First,creative scores on fluency,flexibility,and uniqueness were significantly different between majors and class types.To be specific,the scores of the Liyun class were significantly higher than the normal class.The score of fluency,flexibility,and uniqueness among the students of art were separately higher than that in the students of science.The main effect and interaction of age and gender were all not significant.Two,creative problem finding ability was significantly associated with information literacy and critical thinking disposition.Critical thinking disposition played a moderating effect between information literacy and critical problem finding ability.Therefore,to enhance information literacy and critical thinking is an effective way toward innovation training.
Currently,China is in the process of rapid urbanization,which has brought about grim environmental violations and group incidents.Most of these are environmental NIMBY conflict.It jeopardizes not only social stability,but also the trust between the mass and the Government.Theoretically,there should be no conflict between the construction of ecological town and the environmental NIMBY syndrome.Accordingly,there should be precautions before rather than remedial measures after conflicts occur.Up till now,the legal system of EIA has played a positive role in preventing environmental NIMBY conflicts,but the system still needs further improvement.In order to counterbalance the lack of policy EIA,an assessment of social stability and risk for NIMBY conflicts should be implemented before making a decision.In other words,it necessary to embrace theEIA priorityand pay attention to the EIA of urban planning.In particular,emphasis is demanded for public participation,namely,a democratic consultation mechanism about the public and environmental affairs to construct a beautiful China and a harmonious society.
Listing equality as one of the core socialist values and taking it as one value goal of social construction embodies a new premium to put on the position and the leading role of equality in the value system.Equality,as a fundamental feature of socialism,has been becoming the pursuit for the Core Socialist values.It indicates a theorized Chinese traditional equality,a positive identification and conscious choice based on the value pursuit for equality chiming with equal Socialist values.From the perspective of historical materialism,Marx gave a critical reflection on abstract and false equality value of the bourgeoisie.And equality as one of the core values of Socialism has come into existence historically,expressing the creative contributions of Marx in understanding the nature.Conflicts between the ideal and reality as well as the theory and practice will undoubtedly be encountered on the way to equality.However,it is easy to find that Marxist equality is of methodological value to solve these problems and fulfill the dream of social equality.
We conducted a covert survey on illegal trade of wildlife and products in 3major cites,7classone border ports in Yunnan Province,China,and 2neighboring border cities in Burma and 1in Vietnam.We recorded a total of 46 species of animals.Nearly half(47.8%)of these species were mammals,and 41.3% were reptiles.Among those species,24 species,which accounted for 52.2% of the total species,were listed under the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Speices(CITES),and 19 species,which accounted for41.3% of the total species,were listed as state key protected wild animals.The products of pangolins(Manis pentadactyla),Asian elephants(Elephas maximus),tigers(Panthera tigris ssp.)and bears(Ursus spp.)were recorded in both domestic and foreign markets with a higher encounter frequency in foreign border cities than in Yunnan Province.In addition to animal products,trade on live animals,such as the pangolin,common water monitor(Varanus salvator)and freshwater turtles and tortoises,was also recorded.Trade on pangolins had the highest encounter frequency in the whole survey.We also found an increasing trend of trade on species of animals not included in the state key protected list.Base on the current survey,we strongly suggest the following:improve law enforcement effectiveness,strengthen capacity building,establish the market and trade monitoring system,strengthen international cooperation and increase public awareness of wildlife conservation.Once implemented these measures will help to completely stop the illegal trade of endangered species,and lead to sustainable utilization of non-protected species in Yunnan Province.
This datasheet on Picea meyeri covers Identity.
